摘 要

Abstract 2

1 绪论 3

1.1 选题背景 3

1.2 研究背景与研究思路 3

1.3 国内外研究动态 3

2文献综述——日本综合商社的起源与发展 5

2.1日本综合商社业界 5

2.2日本综合商社的成立 5

2.3日本综合商社的发展与变迁 6

3 当代日本商社经营特点分析 8

3.1向海外事业投资业务特化 8

3.2实行价值链管理 9

3.3 以三菱日本KFC为例看商社的价值链管理 11

4日本五大综合商社强项与动态分析 12

4.1日本五大商社近期景气与动态 12

4.2 伊藤忠商事业务领域分析 13

4.3 三菱商事业务领域分析 15

4.4 三井物产业务分析 17

4.5 住友商事业务分析 20

4.6 丸红商事业务分析 23

5 结论 25

5.1日本综合商社时代特征归纳 25

5.2 对中国国际化企业的启示 25

6 结束语 27

致谢 28

参考文献 28

摘要

综合商社是日本独有的商业组织形式，最初是指进行复数种类商品的多角化贸易的大型批发商。当今的商社主要有伊藤忠商事，三井物产，三菱商事，住友商事以及丸红商事这五家在相关事业领域具有垄断性质的大型商社，俗称五大商社。这些大型综合商社不仅在贸易事务上有多角化的特点，在投资，金融，经营，零售，情报等事业方面都横跨世界上数百个国家，是不折不扣的国际大企业。本文以这五大商社对研究对象，在对其发展沿革做基本介绍的基础上，通过日文文献中的综合商社论等专门书籍或论文对当今商社的组织形式和业务强项进行分析。五大商社的业务领域虽然有所交叉但在侧重上领域上又有所区别。随着中国经济增长的减速，能源资源价格泡沫破裂，2015矿物资源价格的暴跌使三菱等多家资源贸易大手蒙受巨大损失。没有涉足资源贸易业务的伊藤忠商事因此跃升为当年日本纯利润首位的第一大商社。在资源价格不稳的背景下，商社资本向非资源领域转移成为主流。中国不断扩大的市场和大型企业的发展也是综合商社新时代的重要注目点。本文首先分析综合商社的投资业务的供应链管理特点并通过日本金融厅管理下的有价证券公开网站EDINET获取了2016年和2019年五大商社三月期通期决算财务报告书，对其不同事业领域的资产以及纯利润进行制图对比，分析各大商社的强项领域与近期动态。本文以“日本综合商社是什么”为中心，旨在突出综合商社对整条价值链投资的诸多优越性和多角贸易与多角事业投资的优越性。

关键词：日本综合商社；国际贸易；直接投资；风险管控

Abstract

Comprehensive business group is a unique form of business organization in Japan, which initially refer to large wholesalers engaged in diversified trade in plural commodities. Mainly, today’s business associations are Itochu, Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo and Marubeni which take dominant parts in the relevant business areas, and which are called as “the five business group”. These large-scale integrated business groups not only have the characteristics of diversification in trade affairs, but also take part in hundreds of countries in investment, finance, operation, retail, intelligence and other undertakings, so, as they are called, comprehensive business group are business giant not only in Japan, but the world. On the basis of introducing the development of the five major business associations, this paper analyses the organizational structure and business strengths of today's business associations through special books or papers such as comprehensive business editorials in Japanese business literature. Although there are some resemble business areas among the five major business associations, there are some differences in their emphasis investment areas. Mitsubishi and other resources trading giants caused huge losses in 2015 due to the slowdown of China's economic growth, the collapse of energy and resource prices and the collapse of the price of mineral resources. Itochu Business, which has not been involved in the resource trade business, has therefore take place of the top of Japan's net profit in that year. In the context of unstable resource prices, the transfer of comprehensive business groups’ capital to non-resource areas has become the mainstream. And also, China's expanding market and the development of large-scale enterprises are the important focus of the new era of comprehensive business groups. Firstly, this paper analyses the characteristics of the supply chain management of the investment business of the Comprehensive business group, and obtains the financial statements of the March current accounts of the five major commercial firms in 2016 and 2019 through EDINET, a portfolio open website managed by the Financial Department of Japan. It draws and compares the assets and net profits of the five major commercial firms in different business fields, and analyses the strong areas and recent developments of the major commercial firms. This paper is trying to highlight the advantages of the comprehensive business groups in investment in the whole value chain and the advantages of multi-angle trade and multi-angle business investment.

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