摘 要

贫困是一种缠绕全球各国发展之中的社会性大难题，也是一种具有悠久历史性和广泛地域性内容的实际观念。而在当今社会，全球化经济的蔓延，促使许多国家的政治﹑经济及文化在不同发展水平上相互联系沟通，并且其国家经济状况彼此影响和制约；不管是发展中国家，还是发达国家，都想全力消除本国日益尖锐的贫困问题，以追求更大的潜力发展本国经济。同理，中国贫困无疑是本国发展道线上需要大力解决的社会难题。本文从经济学角度出发，根据国际贫困标准，给贫困下一个经济学性质的定义，以及确定其计算标准。如此，本文将围绕贫困评价而展开分析。第一章的绪论主要讲述中国贫困问题的研究背景﹑研究方法与研究思路，最后综述一下国内外的最新研究动态。第二章主要分析中国贫困问题的今昔（本世纪与上个世纪八九十年代）对比，包括贫困人口规模与分布特征，最终简单概括了一下目前我国贫困问题新的基本特征。第三章着重分析国外学者对贫困指数的相关研究以及选取一份国内学者的相关研究资料，对比一下国内学者与国外学者在这方面研究的优缺点，并进行简单综述，尔后笔者会采用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数以及总量贫困测量法对中国2013年和2014年的贫困数据进行解读。第四章则是对我国过去一段时间的反贫困实践和理论进行归纳总结，反映我国自改革开放以来实施反贫困政策所取得的成效，用以规范我国政府未来的反贫困政策倾向。第五章则是经过上述一系列实证分析而总结出的关于我国贫困问题的总体结论。

关键词：中国贫困问题；贫困指数；多维测度；反贫困

Abstract

Poverty is a winding development of countries in the global social problem, is also a kind of with practical conception has a long history and wide geographical content. And in today's society, the spread of economic globalization, prompting many of the country's politics, economy and culture in the different development level of mutual communication, and the country's economic situation influence each other and control; whether developing countries or developed countries, want to fully eliminate the country increasingly acute poverty, to the pursuit of greater potential for the development of national economy. Similarly, poverty in China is undoubtedly its development line should solve social problem. In this paper, from the angle of Economics of According to the international standard of poverty, poverty a economics property definition, and determine the calculation standard. So, this paper will focus on the assessment of poverty analysis. The first chapter is the introduction focuses on the poverty problem research background, research methods and research ideas, finally review at home and abroad of the latest research trends. The second chapter is mainly about the analysis of poverty in China past and present (this century and in the 80s and 90s of the last century) contrast, including poverty population size and the distribution characteristics of. Finally, simple summarize a bit at present China's poverty problem new features. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of foreign scholars on poverty index related research and select a Domestic scholars in the related research material, compare domestic scholars and foreign scholars in the advantages and disadvantages of the research in this area, and were briefly reviewed in this paper. Thereafter the author will Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient and aggregate poverty measurement method is used in China in 2013 and 2014 poverty data interpretation. Chapter four is on in China for some time in the past anti poverty practice and theory are summarized and reflected in China since the reform and opening up the implementation of anti-poverty policies to achieve results, to regulate our country government future antipoverty policy tendency. The fifth chapter is through the empirical analysis and summarized about the poverty of our country overall Conclusion.

Key words: Poverty problem in China; Poverty index; multidimensional measures; anti poverty

目 录

第一章 绪论...............................................................1

1.1 选题背景..............................................................1

1.2 研究方法与研究思路....................................................1

1.3 国内外研究动态........................................................2

第二章 中国贫困问题.......................................................3

2.1 中国贫困人口规模统计..................................................3

2.1.1 上世纪八九十年代的人口规模..........................................3

2.1.2 目前的人口规模......................................................4

2.2 中国贫困人口分布统计..................................................6

2.3 中国贫困问题的新特征..................................................9

第三章 中国贫困测量实证分析..............................................12

3.1 国外学者的相关研究综述...............................................12

3.1.1 贫困线及指标确定...................................................12

3.1.2 贫困程度及指标确定.................................................12

3.2 国内学者的相关研究综述...............................................14

3.3 中国贫困测量的实证应用...............................................17

第四章 中国反贫困实践的成效及经验总结....................................21

第五章 结论..............................................................23

参考文献.................................................................24

致 谢....................................................................26