摘 要

进入新世纪以来，我国经济发展迅速，原先产品供给不足的状况已不复存在，甚至出现产能过剩的现象，我国政府一直看重产能过剩问题，普遍认识到产能过剩危害的严重性，因而将化解在经济新常态下突出的产能过剩问题作为中国宏观经济政策的重要命题。其中，钢铁产业产能过剩程度最为严重而成为化解整体经济产能过剩的重点，加上钢铁行业在一国经济中基础性地位，使得治理钢铁产能过剩问题迫在眉睫。我国针对钢铁产能过剩问题已经发布出台多项产业政策，但是至今钢铁产能过剩的治理并没有达到满意的效果，专家学者普遍认为产能问题治理存在长期性、顽固性的难点

因此在上述研究背景下，深入探寻中国钢铁产能过剩和产业政策治理。在了解国际钢铁产业发展历程基础上，发现我国钢铁产业是在发达国家转移过剩钢铁的过程里繁荣起来的，而后伴随着国内经济结构落后问题，而逐渐显现出钢铁产能过剩。用SWOT方法分析钢铁产业发展的优缺点、机遇和挑战。总结目前产能过剩的三大表现:产能利用率低，钢铁产品价格下降和企业利润率下降,以及产能过剩对企业生产经营、产业健康发展、宏观经济的危害。在成因的机制性和阶段性成因研究上，创新性地从微观经济学和政治经济学两角度分析了体制性成因和阶段性成因的内在机制，结合垄断竞争市场的三大特点，指出垄断竞争行业较小的壁垒、创新激励和众多生产者的特点是导致产能过剩的微观内在原因。分类整理了2000年以来产能政策的内容及目标，以“开流节源”四字概括我国产业政策的治理思路。以政策推动下的宝钢、武钢兼并重组案例，构建兼并重组预期效果机制，综合兼并前后的财报数据得出财会收益。最后，从钢铁大国美国和日本应对产能过剩问题的案例，总结两国治理政策内容，给我国提供借鉴经验。

关键词：产能过剩；钢铁企业；形成机制；兼并重组；国际比较

Abstract

Since entering the 21st century, China's economy has developed in a rapid speed and the original product supply shortage has ceased to exist, and even the phenomenon of overcapacity has occurred. The Chinese government has always valued the problem of overcapacity, and generally recognizes the seriousness of the overcapacity hazard, so resolving the problem of overcapacity under the new economic normal is an important proposition of China's macroeconomic policy. Among them, the overcapacity of the steel industry is the most serious problem and has become the focus of solving the overall economic overcapacity. In addition, the steel industry's basic position in the economy of a country makes it urgent to control the overcapacity of the steel industry. China has issued many industrial policies to solve the problem of overcapacity in steel, but so far the governance of overcapacity in steel has not been satisfactory. Experts and scholars generally believe that the governance of capacity problems is long-term and stubborn.

Therefore, in the context of the above-mentioned research, essay will explore China's steel overcapacity and industrial policy governance. On the basis of understanding the development process of the international steel industry, it is found that our country's steel industry prospered in the process of the transfer of excess steel in developed countries. Later, with the backward economic structure of the country, it gradually showed excess steel production capacity. Use the SWOT method to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of the development of the steel industry. Summarize the three major performances of current overcapacity: low capacity utilization, falling steel product prices and falling corporate profit margins, and the overcapacity damage to corporate production and operation, industry development, and macroeconomics. In the study of the mechanism and the stage of the cause of the cause, innovatively analyzed the internal mechanism of the systemic cause and the stage of the cause from the two perspectives of microeconomics and political economics, combined with the three characteristics of the monopolistic competition market, pointed out that the characteristics of monopoly competition industry --innovation incentives, and many producers ’characteristics --are the microscopic internal causes of overcapacity. Analyze the contents and objectives of the capacity policy which was proposed since 2000 ,and then used the words" opening up and reducing costs" to summarized the ideas of my country's industrial policy In analyzing the case of mergers and acquisitions between Baoshan steel and Wuhan Iron promoted by the policy, the expected effect mechanism of this policy is constructed .In base of the financial report data before and after the merger, summary the effective results. Finally, from the experience of the United States and Japan, provide effective lessons for our country.

Key Words：Overcapacity; steel industry; the formation mechanism; mergers and acquisitions; International comparison.

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.1.1 背景 1

1.1.2 研究意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 产能过剩的相关研究综述 1

1.2.2 产业政策的相关研究综述 3

第2章 我国钢铁产业发展历程与其行业分析 5

2.1 我国钢铁产业发展历程 5

2.2我国钢铁产业的SWOT分析 5

2.2.1 Samp;O优势与机遇 5

2.2.2 W缺点 5

2.2.3 T挑战 6

第3章 我国钢铁产业产能过剩现状 8

3.1 产能过剩的表现 8

3.1.1 产能利用率水平低 8

3.1.2 钢铁产品价格相对下滑 8

3.1.3 企业利润率下降，亏损企业增多 8

3.2 产能过剩的危害 9

3.2.1 从企业角度 9

3.2.2 从产业角度 9

3.2.3 从宏观经济角度 9

3.3 产能过剩的成因 9

3.3.1 阶段性原因 9

3.3.2 体制性原因 11

第4章 产能过剩的应对政策 13

4.1 我国应对钢铁产能过剩的具体政策内容 13

4.2政策推动下的宝钢、武钢兼并重组 14

4.2.1 合并概述 14

4.2.2 合并的效果预期机制 14

4.2.3 合并的现实效果 14

第5章 国外产能过剩治理的借鉴与启示 16

5.1 美国产能过剩治理的经验 16

5.1.1 美国钢铁产业发展历程 16

5.1.2 美国产能过剩的治理措施 16

5.2 日本产能过剩治理的经验 17

5.2.1 日本钢铁产业发展历程 17

5.2.2 日本产能过剩的治理措施 17

结 论 19

致 谢 20

参考文献 21

第1章 绪论

1.1 研究背景与意义

1.1.1 背景

进入21世纪以来，我国的经济持续快速发展，取得许多优异成绩，但产能过剩问题成为了制约经济发展的一大难题和国家宏观政策倾斜治理的重点。尤其以钢铁、水泥等六大行业产能过剩问题显著突出。又因为钢铁行业作为国民经济基础型行业，在产业链里较高的前项关联性和后项关联性，钢铁行业的发展状况关乎众多下游产业的发展，例如基础设施业、建筑业、汽车业等等。加上全球化程度不断扩大，产能过剩问题也会扩散影响到全球经济发展。因此对于钢铁产能过剩问题的研究与治理不止是一项关乎行业发展的话题，更会影响整体国民经济、全球经济发展。

因此，本文主要关注中国钢铁产能过剩问题，就国内外钢铁行业发展历程与产能过剩状况等先搭建理论基础，构建钢铁产能过剩的形成机制框架，并结合目前已出台的相关产业政策，以宝钢、武钢合并为具体案例，分析具体产业政策的作用机制。此外，探寻美国、日本等国家的产业政策的借鉴之处。

1.1.2 研究意义