制备纤维素II晶型纳米纤维的研究

摘 要

纳米纤维素的制备及其高性能产品的研究是近年来非常热门的研究课题。玉米秸秆和玉米芯是主要的农作物废弃物，其中含有大量丰富的纤维素，但其综合利用率很低。本研究以玉米秸秆和玉米芯为原料，旨在通过使用这两种不同原材料制备出不同晶型的纳米纤维素。通过强碱溶液处理的方法，结合机械一次研磨法处理制备纤维素Ⅱ晶型纳米纤维，并对两种不同材料制备的纳米纤维素晶型进行性能测定，比较得出利用这两种原料制备出的纤维素Ⅰ晶型和Ⅱ晶型的性能及区别，借助各种测试仪器对抽滤成膜的纳米纤维素进行表观性能性能、微观形态、力学性能等测试，以得出玉米秸秆和玉米芯何种原材料制得的何种纳米纤维素晶型性能更佳。

关键词：玉米秸秆；玉米芯；纳米纤维素；碱处理；晶型转化

ABSTRACT

The preparation of nano-cellulose and its high-performance products are very hot research topics in recent years.Corn stalk and corncob are main crop wastes, which contain a lot of cellulose, but their comprehensive utilization ratio is very low.In this study, corn stalk and corncob were used as raw materials to prepare different crystalline forms of nanocellulose by using these two kinds of raw materials. Reparation of Cellulose II crystalline Nanofibers by means of strong Alkali solution treatment combined with Mechanical single Grinding process.The properties of nanocrystalline cellulose prepared from two kinds of materials were measured, and the properties and differences of the two kinds of materials were compared.With the help of various testing instruments, the apparent properties, microscopic morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocellulose prepared by filtration film were tested, so as to obtain the better crystalline properties of the nanocellulose prepared from corn straw and corncob.

Key words：Cornstalk；Corncob；Nano-cellulose ；Alkali-pretreated；Crystal transformation

1 前言

• 1. 研究选题思路及课题主要方向

我国是一个农业大国，存在大量的生物质废弃原料，大部分被丢弃或焚烧，为了实现农作物废弃资源制备热力学性能稳定的纤维素II晶型纳米纤维的可能性，研究不同材料制备的纤维素II晶型纳米纤维的性能及特点，选择玉米秸秆和玉米芯为主要原料进行纤维素II晶型纳米纤维的制备，并对制备的纳米纤维素进行性能测定，研究其各项性能及形态结构的变化。