摘 要

随着环境污染的逐步加剧以及石油资源的枯竭，各大汽车厂商正在寻找替代传统燃油汽车的可行方案，电动汽车具有无污染、噪声低等优点，是现有新能源汽车中的主流车型。目前，纯电动汽车续航里程短的缺点限制了其发展，而增程式电动汽车能够显著提高续驶里程，是从传统汽车向纯电动汽车过渡的最佳车型。本文基于奇瑞A3的整车参数，根据增程式电动汽车的结构原理对动力传动系统关键部件选型及匹配、设计机械传动系统传动比，将奇瑞A3改装成增程式电动汽车。通过对驱动电机、增程器进行匹配设计并为发动机选取三个工作点，运用Matlab对整车燃油经济性仿真计算。仿真结果表明：在保证增程式电动汽车动力性的前提下，NEDC综合油耗仅3.98L/100km，燃油经济性显著提高。

关键词：增程式电动车；ISG电机；参数匹配；控制策略；仿真分析

Abstract

With the deterioration of the environmental pollution and the depletion of oil resources, many auto corporations are looking for new resources to replace traditional fuel vehicles. While electric vehicle takes the advantages of no pollution, little noise, being the mainstream in the market of new energy vehicles, which is more and more popular nowadays. At present, the shortcomings of the short cruising range of pure electric vehicles have limited their development, but the range-extender electric vehicle can significantly improve the cruising range, which is the best model for the transition from traditional to pure electric vehicles. Based on the vehicle parameters of the Chery A3, this paper selects and calculates the key components of the power transmission system according to the structural principle of the range-extender electric vehicle and designs transmission as well as reducer gear ratio，and converts Chery A3 into a range-extender electric vehicle. By matching and designing the drive motor as well as the range extender, selecting three working points for the engine, it calculates fuel economy of the whole vehicle applied with Matlab to build the simulation model of the whole vehicle power transmission system. The simulation results show that the cruising range of the range-extender electric vehicle achieves the technical goal and the fuel economy is remarkably improved.

Key words: range-extender electric vehicle; ISG motor; parameter matching; control strategy; simulation analysis

目录

第1章 绪论··································································1

1.1 研究背景及意义·························································1

1.2 国内研究现状···························································2

1.3 国外研究现状···························································3

1.4 本文主要研究内容·······················································4

第2章 增程式电动汽车系统结构分析及参数匹配··································5

2.1 动力传动系统结构分析···················································5

2.2 动力传动系统关键部件选型及参数匹配·····································5

2.2.1 驱动电机的选型····················································7

2.2.2 增程器的选型······················································8

2.2.2.1 发电机的选型················································8

2.2.2.2 发动机的选型················································8

2.3 增程器参数匹配·························································9

2.3.1 发动机系统参数匹配设计···········································9

2.3.2 ISG电机系统参数··················································11

2.4 机械传动系统传动比匹配设计············································12

2.4.1 最小传动比的选择················································12

2.4.2 最大传动比的选择················································13

第3章 增程器控制策略·······················································13

3.1 增程器定点工作和连续工作模式比较······································13

3.2 增程器三工作点控制策略················································13

3.3 增程器工作点的选取····················································16

3.3.1 增程器工作点的选取方式··········································16

3.3．2 增程器工作点····················································17

第4章 燃油经济性仿真·······················································20

4.1 实施方法······························································20

4.2 仿真结果······························································23

第5章 总结与展望···························································24

致谢·······································································25

参考文献···································································26

第1章 绪论

• 1. 研究背景及意义

1769年，法国工程师古诺发明了世界上的第一辆蒸汽机汽车；1885年，德国工程师卡尔·本茨发明了世界上的第一辆内燃机汽车；从蒸汽机汽车到内燃机汽车再到今天的电动汽车，经过漫长的发展演变，汽车目前已经成为人类必不可少的出行工具。1914年，亨利·福特创造性地提出流水线生产方式，它不仅提高了生产效率而且大幅度降低制造成本，从而使美国一跃成为世界第一大汽车产销国。汽车在改变人类出行方式、提高人民生活质量的同时，也带来了许多负面影响。例如石油资源的消耗加剧，1973年和1979年出现的两次石油危机，使人类意识到寻找一种新的动力方式取代内燃机已经迫在眉睫^[1]。

1990年的洛杉矶车展上，通用汽车公司展示了全球第一款电动车—Impact。Impact配备三相交流感应电动机，最高车速176km/h，最大续航里程200km。此后，全球掀起了电动汽车的研发浪潮。目前市场上已有的新能源汽车包括纯电动、混合动力、燃料电池、氢能汽车，其中纯电动汽车具有零排放、噪声低、使用成本低等优点。但是，经过近30年的发展，纯电动汽车仍然具有续航里程不足、动力性较差、充电时间长等缺点，这给汽车研发人员提出了挑战^[2]。最近几年，世界上众多汽车厂商将增程式电动汽车（Range-Extender Electric Vehicle, R-EEV）作为研发重点。增程式电动汽车配备有可在线充电动力单元即增程器，是一种纯电驱动的电动汽车。当车载电池电量充足时，由电池提供能量驱动汽车行驶，当电量不足时，增程器开始工作。R-EEV的整车结构如图1.1所示，主要包括电驱动系统、整车控制系统、增程器以及机械传动系统。

图1.1 R-EEV整车结构图