摘 要

本文以目前铁道车辆发展的瓶颈，即运行稳定性和曲线通过性之间的矛盾为起点和背景展开研究。将在汽车领域研究的液电馈能式减振器应用到铁道车辆的悬挂装置中，并与铁道车辆领域的径向转向架相结合，组成列车馈能式主动转向架。利用液电馈能式减振器对铁道车辆悬挂装置的振动机械能进行回收并以电能的形式储存，供后续主动径向转向的驱动和控制功能使用。

悬挂系统是对路面不平激励进行缓和减少厢体振动量，以提高车辆运行平稳性和乘坐舒适性的一种柔性装置。而减振器是悬挂装置中的重要组成部件，减振器的基本性能是要满足车辆系统在行驶过程中对减少振幅的要求。液电馈能式减振器作为一种减振器，自然也不能排除在外。因此，液电馈能式减振器首先必须满足铁道车辆运行平稳性的要求，其次是回收振动能量。

本文主要研究应用于铁道车辆上的液电馈能式减振器的阻尼特性和馈能特性，按空载直线行驶、空载曲线行驶、满载直线行驶、满载曲线行驶4种工况分别对使用液电馈能式减振器的铁道车辆在运行过程中的振动情况进行了仿真，同时对仿真结果进行了评价。最后提出了主动径向转向的控制策略。

研究结果表明：经过尺寸改进以匹配铁道车辆的液电馈能式减振器的速度特性与传统减振器不同，是非线性的；安装了该液电馈能式减振器的铁道车辆在轨道不平顺激励下仍能满足运行平稳性指标的要求；且在该激励下，液电馈能式减振器可以回收悬挂装置的振动能量，但发电功率受铁道车辆运行工况的影响较大。

本文的创新点：将液电馈能式减振器应用于铁道车辆领域，为实现铁道车辆振动能量的回收做出了初步的尝试与探索。将液电馈能式减振器与主动径向转向架向结合，实现在不消耗外部能量的条件下，完成转向架的主动径向转向。

关键词：液电馈能式减振器；转向架；主动径向转向；馈能特性

Abstract

The article is written based on the current bottleneck of the development of the railway vehicle, namely, the contradiction between the running stability and curve negotiation performance. The hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber which is relatively studied maturely in the field of automobile, is going to be applied to railway vehicle 's suspension, and it would create the energy-regenerative-active-radial-track bogie in the combination of radial track bogie. The vibration energy of radial track bogie can be transformed to and be stored as electricity energy, and then it can drive and control radial track bogie realizing active radial steering.

Suspension system is a flexible device to ease and reduce car body vibration which is caused by the road uneven vibration to reduce the amount of, and improve the vehicle running stability and passenger ride comfort. As a most important component of the suspension, shock absorber should own the basic property to meet the request to reduce the vibration in the process of driving. The hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber is a kind of shock absorber, so it naturally must obey the rule. The hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber must meet the requirements of railway vehicle running stability and then its energy-regenerative characteristics would be studied.

This paper mainly studies the damping characteristics and energy-regenerative characteristics of the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber applied in railway vehicle, and the simulation about the vibration of railway vehicle within the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber is carried out in straight running with no-load, straight running with full-load, curve running with no-load and curve running with full-load, and then the simulation result is evaluated. Finally, the active radial steering control strategies are described.

The results show that the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber which has been changed and improved in size to match the railway vehicle is different from traditional shock absorber, owning a nonlinear velocity characteristics. The railway vehicle installed with the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber can still meet the requirements of the running stability under the vibration of railway track in the vertical direction. Under the road vibration, the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber can recycle suspension's vibration energy, but power of regenerated is influence by railway vehicle's running conditions.

This article's features is that applying the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber to railway vehicle field, and making the preliminary attempt and exploration to achieve the recycling of the railway vehicle vibration energy. What's more, the active radial track bogie combined with the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber, realize active radial steering under the condition of no external power using.

Key Words：hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber, bogie, active radial track, energy-regenerative characteristics

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 论文研究的背景及意义 1

1.1.1论文研究的背景 1

1.1.2论文研究的意义 1

1.2 国内外的研究概况 1

1.2.1馈能式减振器的国内外研究概况 1

1.2.2 主动径向转向架的发展概况 3

1.3 本文的研究内容 3

1.3.1 主要研究内容 3

1.3.2 本文的组织结构 4

第2章 基于SolidWorks的CW-200K型转向架建模 6

2.1 SolidWorks软件简介 6

2.2 转向架的介绍 6

2.2.1 转向架简介 6

2.2.2 转向架的组成 7

2.2.3 转向架的基本作用和要求 8

2.3 搭建CW-200K型转向架的三维模型 8

2.3.1 CW-200K型转向架简介 8

2.3.2 CW-200K型转向架基本组成系统的特点及三维模型的搭建 9

2.4 本章小结 12

第3章 基于AMESim的液电馈能式减振器速度特性研究 13

3.1 液电馈能式减振器的基本原理 13

3.2 基于AMESim的液电馈能式减振器的模型搭建 14

3.2.1 AMESim简介 14

3.2.2 搭建液电馈能式减振器的模型 15

3.3 基于AMESim的液电馈能式减振器的阻尼特性研究 17

3.3.1 输入激励信号 17

3.3.2 设置仿真参数 18

3.3.3 仿真结果分析 18

3.4 本章小结 21

第4章 基于ADAMS/View的1/2铁道车辆动力学建模 22

4.1 ADAMS简介 22

4.2 搭建1/2铁道车辆的动力学模型 23

4.2.1关于装有CW-200K型转向架的铁道车辆的理论分析 23

4.2.2 搭建1/2铁道车辆4自由度动力学模型 25

4.3本章小结 30

第5章 基于ADAMS/View和AMESim的液电馈能式减振器仿真研究 31

5.1 轨道高低不平顺路面激励 31

5.1.1 频域中的轨道不平顺功率谱 31

5.1.2 时域中的轨道不平顺激励 35

5.2 基于ADAMS/View对铁道车辆动力学性能的研究与评价 36

5.2.1 空载直线行驶工况下车辆运行平稳性的仿真分析与评价 38

5.2.2 空载曲线行驶工况下车辆运行平稳性的仿真分析与评价 39

5.2.3 满载直线行驶工况下车辆运行平稳性的仿真分析与评价 40

5.2.4 满载曲线行驶工况下车辆运行平稳性的仿真分析与评价 41

5.3 基于AMESim对液电馈能式减振器的馈能特性的研究 41

5.3.1 空载直线行驶工况下液电馈能式减振器系统的馈能特性仿真研究 42

5.3.2 空载曲线行驶工况下液电馈能式减振器系统的馈能特性仿真研究 43

5.3.3 满载直线行驶工况下液电馈能式减振器系统的馈能特性仿真研究 45

5.3.4 满载曲线行驶工况下液电馈能式减振器系统的馈能特性仿真研究 46

5.4 本章小结 48

第6章 主动径向转向机构及控制策略 49

6.1 径向转向架的分类 49

6.2 主动径向转向架机构 49

6.3 转向架主动径向转向控制策略 52