摘 要

变速器作为整车的动力调节中心，是汽车设计的重中之重。它通过齿轮改变发动机传来的转速和转矩，变速器的性能和效率关系到整辆汽车的性能。随着当 今社会对汽车的性能要求越来越高，对变速器的设计与制造的要求也愈来愈严格。

本设计对轿车变速器进行了深入的研究，并结合大学四年学过的有关知识，对变速器传动比、齿轮、轴、轴承分别进行了相关的设计计算与校核，并选取了最为合适的参数，让我们所设计汽车变速器的性能和效率有了很大的提高。

关键词：变速器；传动比；齿轮；轴；轴承

Abstract

Transmission as the power control center of the whole vehicle,is one of the most important part of automobile design.It changes the speed and torque of the engine through the gears,and the performance and efficiency of the transmission is related to the performance of the whole vehicle.With the requirements of the performance of the vehicle in today’s society,the requirements of the design and manufacture of the transmission is more and more strict.

This design is based on the deep study of transmission,and connect with the relevant knowledge during the four years study in university,transmission gear ratio,gears,shaft and bearing wear designed and calculationed each and pick up the most suitable parameters,improving the performance and efficiency of the transmission that we have designed.

Key words:Transmission;Transmission ratio;gear;shaft;bearing

目 录

摘要.......................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract...................................................................Ⅱ

第1章 绪论.................................................................1

1.1 题目及背景...........................................................1

1.1.1题目.............................................................1

1.1.2研究背景.........................................................1

1.2 研究目的.............................................................1

1.3 研究意义.............................................................1

1.4 国内外现状...........................................................1

第二章 变速器的总体方案设计..........................................3

2.1变速器的功用..........................................................3

2.2变速器传动机构的形式选择与结构分析....................................3

2.2.1两轴式与三轴式变速器介绍.........................................3

2.2.2倒挡布置方案的选择...............................................4

2.3变速器主要零件的结构方案设计与分析....................................5

2.3.1齿轮形式的介绍...................................................5

2.3.2换挡结构形式.....................................................5

2.3.3轴承形式.........................................................5

第三章 变速器主要参数的选择与计算...........................................7

3.1初始数据的确定........................................................7

3.2变速器各挡传动比的确定................................................7

3.3中心距的确定..........................................................8

3.4齿轮参数..............................................................8

3.4.1齿轮模数.........................................................9

3.4.2压力角...........................................................9

3.4.3螺旋角...........................................................9

3.4.4齿宽............................................................10

3.4.5齿顶高系数.....................................................10第四章 齿轮的设计计算与校核................................................11

4.1齿轮的设计与计算.....................................................11

4.2齿轮的强度计算与材料的选择...........................................19

4.2.1齿轮损坏的原因..................................................19

4.2.2齿轮材料的选择..................................................19

4.2.3计算各轴的转矩..................................................19

4.2.4齿轮的弯曲强度计算..............................................20

4.2.5齿轮的接触应力..................................................23

第五章 变速器轴、轴承等零件的设计与计算.................................... 28

5.1轴的设计计算.........................................................28

5.1.1初选轴的直径....................................................28

5.1.2轴的刚度校核....................................................29

5.1.3轴的强度校核....................................................30

5.2轴承的选择与校核.....................................................33

5.2.1变速器轴承的选择................................................33

5.2.2输入轴轴承的校核................................................33

5.2.3输出轴轴承的校核................................................33

第六章 变速器同步器与操纵机构的选择........................................37

6.1同步器的选择.........................................................37

6.1.1同步器的工作原理................................................37

6.1.2同步器主要参数的确定............................................37

6.2设计操纵机构.........................................................38

6.2.1操纵机构作用....................................................38

6.2.2换挡位置........................................................38

结论......................................................................39

参考文献..................................................................40

致谢......................................................................41

第1章 绪 论

1.1题目及背景

1.1.1题目：瑞风五档手动变速器设计

1.1.2研究背景

变速器是现代汽车传动系统中最重要的部件之一，它影响了整辆汽车的操纵性与动力性，如果设计不好，还会影响到换挡的平顺性。相比于自动变速器，手动变速器的传动效率更高，对驾驶员的技术要求也高，在汽车起步、加速时较自动变速器来说也更加灵活快速，而且也更加省油。

1.2研究目的