摘 要

悬架系统作为现代汽车的重要总成之一，其作用是传递作用在车轮和车架之间的力和力扭，并且缓冲由不平路面传给车架或车身的冲击力，并减少由此引起的振动，以保证汽车能平顺地行驶。

论文主要是通过研究分析所设计雪佛兰迈锐宝车型的各项参数，确定其前后悬架的结构形式。并对前、后悬架的组成部件（减振器、弹性元件、导向机构和横向稳定杆）进行计算分析，结合机械设计手册选取最优数据进行计算设计。并利用CATIA软件对所设计的前悬架进行三维结构绘制，然后把绘制的三维图纸转换为二维图，导入到CAD中实现二维图的标注制图。最后利用ADAMS软件对所设计的前悬架的主销后倾角、主销内倾角、车轮外倾角、前轮前束角四个参数进行仿真分析，验证设计的结果是否符合悬架参数设计要求。

关键词：减振器；螺旋弹簧；导向机构；横向稳定杆

Abstract

As one of the important assemblies of modern automobile, suspension system is used to transmit the force and torsion between the wheel and the frame, buffer the impact force transmitted from the uneven road surface to the frame or the body, and reduce the vibration caused thereby, so as to ensure the smooth driving of the automobile.

This paper mainly through the research and analysis of the design parameters of the Chevrolet Malibu, to determine the front and rear suspension structure. The components of the front and rear suspension (shock absorber, elastic element, guide mechanism and lateral stabilizer bar) are calculated and analyzed, and the optimal data is selected for calculation and design in combination with the mechanical design manual. The three-dimensional structure of the designed front suspension is drawn by CATIA software, and then the three-dimensional drawing is transformed into two-dimensional drawing, which is imported into CAD to realize two-dimensional drawing. Finally, ADAMS software is used to simulate the four parameters of the designed front suspension, including caster angle, kingpin inclination angle, camber angle and front toe angle, to verify whether the design results meet the requirements of suspension parameters design.

Key Words：shock absorber； coil spring；guide mechanism；stabilizer bar

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background and significance of the research 1

1.2 Suspension system overview 1

1.2.1 Composition of suspension 1

1.2.2 Suspension classification and their advantages and disadvantages 2

1.3 Research status of suspension system at home and abroad 3

1.3.1 Domestic research status 3

1.3.2 Research status abroad 4

1.4 Technical scheme adopted in the design 5

1.4.1 Vehicle structure selection scheme 5

1.4.2 Suspension design and calculation scheme of the whole vehicle 5

Chapter 2 Determination of suspension parameters 7

2.1 Determination of model parameters 7

2.2 Design of suspension natural frequency 7

2.2.1 Natural frequency design of front suspension 7

2.2.2 Natural frequency design of rear suspension 7

2.3 Calculation of working stroke of front suspension 8

2.3.1 Static deflection calculation of front suspension 8

2.3.2 Calculation of dynamic deflection of front suspension 8

2.3.3 Calculation of working stroke of front suspension 9

2.4 Calculation of working stroke of rear suspension 9

2.4.1 Static deflection calculation of rear suspension 9

2.4.2 Calculation of dynamic deflection of rear suspension 10

2.4.3 Calculation of working stroke of rear suspension 10

2.5 Suspension stiffness calculation 10

2.5.1 Front suspension stiffness calculation 10

2.5.2 Rear suspension stiffness calculation 11

Chapter 3 Determination of suspension spring 12

3.1 Selection of spring types 12

3.2 Selection of spring material 12

3.2.1 Material selection of front suspension spring 12

3.2.2 Selection of rear suspension spring material 12

3.2.3 Determination of material performance parameters 12

3.3 Determination of spring stiffness 13

3.3.1 Determination of spring stiffness of front suspension 13

3.3.2 Determination of spring stiffness of rear suspension 15

3.4 Determination of spring geometric parameters 15

3.4.1 Determination of geometric parameters of front suspension spring 15

3.4.2 Determination of geometric parameters of rear suspension spring 16

3.5 Check of spring stability 17

3.5.1 Front suspension spring stability verification 17

3.5.2 Check of rear suspension spring stability 17

Chapter 4 Determination of suspension damper 18

4.1 Selection and working principle of shock absorber 18

4.1.1 Selection of shock absorber 18

4.1.2 Working principle of shock absorber 19

4.2 Determination of relative damping coefficient of shock absorber 20

4.2.1 Determination of relative damping coefficient of front suspension damper 20

4.2.2 Determination of relative damping coefficient of rear suspension damper 21

4.3 Determination of damping coefficient of shock absorber 21

4.3.1 Determination of damping coefficient of front suspension damper 22

4.3.2 Determination of damping coefficient of rear suspension damper 22

4.4 Determination of the maximum unloading force of shock absorber 22

4.4.1 Determination of the maximum unloading force of the front suspension shock absorber 22

4.4.2 Determination of the maximum unloading force of the rear suspension shock absorber 23

4.5 Determination of the diameter of working cylinder and piston rod of shock absorber 23

4.5.1 Determination of working cylinder and piston rod diameter of front suspension shock absorber 23

4.5.2 Determination of working cylinder and piston rod diameter of rear suspension shock absorber 24

4.6 Design of shock absorber outer cylinder 24

4.6.1 Design of outer cylinder of front suspension shock absorber 24

4.6.2 Design of outer cylinder of rear suspension shock absorber 25

4.7 Summary of shock absorber design parameters 25