摘 要

随着科学技术的进步，人们对汽车的需求也随着生活品质的发展和生产力的需求越来越多，汽车行业样貌也随之也日新月异。目前，汽车发展的四大主要方向是四化（即智能化、轻量化、环保化、安全化）。无人驾驶技术是现代汽车发展的一个重点、热点方向，其研究的意义十分重大，不但包含了机械、计算机、人机交互等许多关键的科学问题，是众多学科交融贯通的产物，它还具备重要的运用前景和发展潜力，其潜力之大，前景之广阔，引发了极高的社会关注度。在汽车智能化的大前提下，制动系统作为汽车的重要组成部分之一，也需要随着时代的潮流进步，它所要实现的功能不在只是使运动中的机动车车速度降低或者是停车，以及维持汽车速度的稳定。其不但应该具有实现自动控制汽车速度、紧急制动避险的功能，以满足汽车发展的智能化、安全化的要求，也应该拥有再生制动功能，以提升能量利用率，满足汽车环保化要求。

本文对自动驾驶轻型电动车制动系统设计进行了阐述说明，首先是确定所配合的汽车车型参数，并依据该车型参数对该车的制动性能进行计算以及分析，由此来确定制动系统零部件的设计方案及基本参数，并在设计好制动系统零部件参数及选型后对该制动系统进行校验以探讨该制动器是否与整车匹配。对部分零部件进行有限元分析，得到其应力、应变、模态、受热等分析结果，并依据该分析结果判断该零部件是否满足设计要求，对不满足要求的模型零部件要进行适当改进。

关键词：自动驾驶；制动系统；盘式制动器；有限元分析

Abstract

With the progress of science and technology, the appearance of automobile industry is also changing with each passing day. Nowadays, people's demand for automobiles is increasing with the development of quality of life and productivity.For now, Four modernizations (that is, intelligence, lightweight, environmental protection and safety) are the four main directions of automobile development. Driverless technology is a key and hot direction of modern automobile development. Its research is of great significance. It not only contains many key scientific issues such as machinery, computer, human-computer interaction, but also is the product of the integration of many disciplines. It also has an important application prospect and development potential. Its great potential and broad prospect have aroused great social attention. Under the premise of intelligent automobile, braking system, as one of the important parts of automobile, also needs to progress with the trend of the times. Its function is not only to reduce the speed of motor vehicle in motion or to stop, but also to maintain the stability of vehicle speed. It should not only have the function of automatic control of vehicle speed and emergency braking to avoid danger, to meet the requirements of intelligent and safe development of the vehicle, but also have the function of regenerative braking to improve the energy utilization rate and meet the requirements of environmental protection of the vehicle.

In this paper, the design of the braking system of the self driving light electric vehicle is described. Firstly, the parameters of the matched vehicle type are determined, and the braking performance of the vehicle is calculated and analyzed according to the parameters of the vehicle type, so as to determine the design scheme and basic parameters of the parts of the braking system. After the parameters of the parts of the braking system are designed and selected, the braking system is carried out Check to see if the brake matches the vehicle. Through the finite element analysis of some parts, the stress, strain, mode, heating and other analysis results are obtained. According to the analysis results, whether the parts meet the design requirements is judged, and the model parts that do not meet the requirements should be improved properly.

Key Words：Autopilot;Braking system;Disc brake;Finite element analysis

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1自动驾驶制动系统研究目的及意义 1

1.2． 自动驾驶制动系统国内外研究现状 2

1.3.1国外自动驾驶制动系统研究现状 2

1.3.2国内自动驾驶制动系统研究现状 3

1.4本文主要设计内容 4

第2章 自动驾驶制动系统设计 6

2.1整车参数 6

2.2自动驾驶制动系统设计方案选择 7

2.3液压执行机构参数设计 8

2.3.1前后车轮制动力分配 9

2.3.2盘式制动器设计 10

2.3.3液压缸尺寸设计 12

2.3.4液压制动驱动机构计算 13

2.4辅助制动系统零部件选型 14

2.4.1液压制动系统零部件选型 14

2.4.2真空助力器选型 18

2.5再生制动力计算 19

2.6本章小结 20

第3章 自动驾驶制动系统设计校验分析 22

3.1汽车制动性能评价指标 22

3.2汽车制动系统制动参数计算 23

3.2.1汽车满载时制动参数计算 23

3.2.2汽车空载时制动参数计算 25

3.2.3驻车制动性能计算 27

3.3.4制动效能计算 27

3.4本章小结 33

第4章 制动系统零部件有限元分析 34

4.1制动系统零部件3D模型建立 34

4.1.1制动盘模型建立 34

4.1.2卡钳模型建立 35

4.1.3制动主缸模型建立 36

4.1.4轮边装配图 37

4.2制动盘有限元分析 38

4.2.1制动盘应力分析 39

4.2.2制动盘模态分析 40

4.2.3制动盘热分析 42

4.3 摩擦片有限元分析 44

4.3.1摩擦片模态分析 45

4.3.2摩擦片热分析 46

4.4整车制动仿真分析 47

4.5本章小结 48

第5章 总结与展望 50

5.1结论 50

5.2展望 50

参考文献 52

致谢 54

附录 55