论文总字数：18551字

摘 要

曲轴是发动机的重要动力传输部件，其承受来自活塞经连杆传来的力，形成绕自身轴线作用的扭矩并输出给传动系，因此其与连杆接触的轴颈部位更容易磨损，导致曲轴失效。目前，主要的曲轴强化方法是整体热处理，轴颈表面的耐磨性和抗疲劳性得到了提升，但曲轴经长期使用表面强化处理不足的问题会凸显出来，造成曲轴的过早失效。就目前而言，曲轴因长期服役造成的损害没有太好的强化办法。

不同于传统热处理，激光淬火是利用激光照射在足够高的通量，创建一个固体相变的表面从而实现表面的强化，但是激光淬火并不能够提升表面润滑性能。微织构能够起到减小摩擦阻力和减少磨损，但也会造成微裂纹、残渣堆积等问题。在现阶段，尚且很难将两者结合，主要原因是缺少加工装置。本课题以设计一台发动机曲轴激光择区微织构-微淬火复合表面强化装置为主要任务，重点攻克光、机、电系统一体化、复合工艺参数设计、表面形态设计等技术及理论问题，主要设计内容包括：

1.根据曲轴的尺寸以及需要加工的轴颈部位，结合激光加工无切削力、法线入射等特点，设计与之匹配机械系统，包括：定位-装夹夹具、运动执行元器件、光学主轴等；

2.根据光学系统的计算，选择合适的激光器系统、导光系统，并设计出光路系统和激光加工轨迹；

3.对可编程逻辑控制器PLC进行研究，利用PLC实现对系统的机械运动的控制，并用组态王6.55对强化装置进行加工面板设计；

通过本课题开展工作，设计出一台发动机曲轴激光择区微织构-微淬火复合表面强化装置。

关键词：激光淬火-微织构；光学系统；组态王；可编程逻辑控制器

Abstract

Crankshaft is an important power transmission component of engine. It bears the force transmitted from piston through connecting rod, forms the torque around its axis and outputs it to the transmission system. Therefore, the journal part contacting with connecting rod is more easily worn, leading to crankshaft failure. At present, the main strengthening method of crankshaft is the whole heat treatment, the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the journal surface have been improved, but the problem of insufficient surface strengthening treatment of crankshaft after long-term use will be highlighted, resulting in the premature failure of crankshaft. At present, the damage of crankshaft caused by long-term service has not been strengthened.

Different from the traditional heat treatment, laser quenching is to create a solid phase change surface with enough high flux by laser irradiation, so as to realize the surface strengthening, but laser quenching can not improve the surface lubrication performance. Micro-texture can reduce friction resistance and wear, but it can also cause microcracks, residue accumulation and other problems. At this stage, it is difficult to combine the two, the main reason is the lack of processing equipment. The main task of this project is to design a laser selective micro-texture/micro-quenching compound surface strengthening device for engine crankshaft. It focuses on the technical and theoretical problems such as the integration of optical, mechanical and electrical systems, the design of composite process parameters, and the design of surface morphology. The main design contents include：

1. According to the size of the crankshaft and the parts of the journal to be machined, combined with the characteristics of laser machining, such as no cutting force, normal incidence, etc., the matching mechanical system is designed, including: positioning clamping device, moving executive components, optical spindle, etc

2. According to the calculation of the optical system, select the appropriate laser system and light guide system, design the optical path system and Laser processing track.

3. Research on PLC and use PLC to control the mechanical movement of the system. Kingview 6.55 is used to design the processing panel of the strengthening device.

Through the work of this project, a laser selective micro-texture/micro-quenching compound surface strengthening device for engine crankshaft is designed.

Keywords：laser；micro-texture/micro-quenching；optical system；Kingview；PLC

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪论……………………………………………………………………

1.1 国内外研究现状……………………………………

1.1.1 激光淬火技术………………………………………………

1.1.2 激光微织构技术……………………………………………

1.2 主要工作内容及意义……………………………………

1.3 课题来源……………………………………………………………

第二章 激光微织构-微淬火复合工艺参数设计…………………………

2.1 工作难点及解决思路………………………………………………

2.2 光学参数计算………………………………………………

2.3 激光能量密度影响探究………………………………………………

2.4复合加工效果及性能分析…………………………………………

第三章 激光系统

3.1 工作难点及解决思路………………………………………………

3.2 激光器………………………………………………………………

3.3 激光工作台…………………………………………………………

3.4 激光光路设计………………………………………………………

3.5 激光加工方案………………………………………………………

3.5.1 加工方式设计……………………………………………

3.5.2 加工轨迹设计……………………………………………

3.6 辅助系统……………………………………………………………

第四章 曲轴连杆轴颈自定位夹具结构设计

4.1 工作难点及解决思路………………………………………………

4.2 工件定位方案………………………………………………………

4.3 工件夹紧方案……………………………………………………

4.4 曲轴连杆颈加工夹具设计

第五章 基于可编程控制器（PLC）的激光协同控制

5.1 工作难点及解决思路

5.2 基于PLC的激光协同控制

5.2.1 复合强化控制工作站…………………………………………

5.2.1 三菱FX2N简介及性能…………………………………………

5.2.3 三菱PLC连接控制线路…………………………………………

5.3 组态王

5.4 整机设计……………………………………………………………

总结与展望……………………………………………………………………

参考文献………………………………………………………………………

致谢………………………………………………………………………………

1. 绪论

1.1 激光加工技术的国内外研究现状

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