论文总字数：15464字

摘 要

为了学习国外的优秀技术，加快机械产业的先进化和创新化进程，逆向工程技术发挥了重要的作用。逆向工程（RE，Reverse Engineering）主要应用于外形反塑的需求，将成品转换为实体模型，并在该模型基础上进行新的设计创造，设计出适应当下市场需求的创新产品。

本文以依维柯宝迪轻型客车转向器为研究对象，通过三维激光扫描技术、CATIA三维建模以及二维的AutoCAD工程图完成了本次课题的逆向研究内容。

在设计过程中，以实际产品为基础，先以Handyscan 3D激光扫描仪作为数据采集工具来进行齿轮齿条转向器的数据采集。Handyscan 3D扫描仪随附的专业的数据采集及优化软件VXelements，为三维数据的扫描和测量提供了强大的支持。逆向工程研究一般是对点云数据进行必要删减等作为数据的精简方法。Geomagic Studio软件由美国雨滴公司开发，以尖端的技术和完善的理论为支柱，能够轻而易举的构造多边形造型和网格，并自动将它们转化为NURBS曲面。将处理好的点云数据导入CATIA，CATIA采取NURBS方法描述曲面，巧妙化解了曲面描述不相容的难题。在所有零部件建模完成后，在CATIA的Assembly模块内完成装配。最后通过AutoCAD将三维零件转出二维图纸进行标注，同时参考已有的同等级汽车的同类转向器，对零件参数进行必要的修正，使得转向器各零部件的结构规格满足基本性能参数。

本文通过对齿轮齿条转向器的逆向工程设计，加深了对齿轮齿条转向器设计过程的了解，并且也进一步的认识了逆向工程这一较为新兴的技术。

关键词： 逆向工程 齿轮齿条转向器 三维激光扫描 CATIA

Three dimensional design of hybrid light bus steering gear assembly

Abstract

In order to learn the foreign outstanding technology, accelerate the development of the mechanical industry and the innovation process, reverse engineering technology has played an important role.Reverse engineering is mainly used in the form of reverse engineering, the product is converted into engineering design model, and then the model is based on the re design creation, the design of the market demand for innovative products.

This paper studies IVECO minibuses steering device, and the research contents of this task is completed by 3D laser scanning technology, CATIA 3D modeling and AutoCAD 2D engineering drawings.

In the design process, based on the actual product, start with Handyscan 3D laser scanner as a data collection tool for data collection of steering gear and rack. VXelements, a professional data acquisition and optimization software,which attached to the Handyscan 3D scanners, provides strong support for the three-dimensional scanning and measurement data. Data reduction method of reverse engineering research focused on point cloud data after filtering. Geomagic Studio software developed by Raindrop, with advanced technology and tectonic theory as the pillar, can easily create the perfect polygon mesh model and point cloud data obtained from the scan, and will automatically convert them to NURBS surfaces. Import the deal point cloud data to CATIA, CATIA uses NURBS to describe the surface, and to solve the problem of surface description is not compatible. After all the parts modeling is completed, complete the assembly in CATIA assembly design. Finally, use AutoCAD to transfer three-dimensional parts into two-dimensional drawings for labeling. While referring to the same level of the existing car of similar steering to make the necessary corrections for part parameters. And make the structure of the steering device components meet the basic performance parameters.

Based on the rack and pinion steering gear of reverse engineering, to deepen understanding of its design process, and further understanding of this relatively new technique of reverse engineering.

Key Words：Reverse Engineering；Rack and pinion steering gear；Three-dimensional laser scanning；CATIA

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目 录 IV

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究的意义 1

1.2转向器的国内外研究现状 1

1.3转向器的概述 3

1.4主要设计工作 3

第二章 转向器CATIA逆向三维建模 5

2.1逆向工程介绍 5

2.2点云数据的导入和编辑 6

2.3网格面创建（Mesh） 7

2.4曲面重构及距离分析 8

2.5其余零件建模 14

2.6本章小结 18

第三章 装配设计 19

3.1零件导入 19

3.2装配约束 20

3.2.1转向器壳盖 20

3.2.2转向齿轮和齿条 21

3.3.3第二部分转向壳体 22

3.3.4套筒 22

3.3.5第三部分转向壳体 23

第四章 转向器总成二维工作图设计 24

4.1确定视图 24

4.2转为AutoCAD图纸 25

4.3标注 25

4.3.1标注基本尺寸 26

4.3.2公差标注 26

第五章 总结展望 27

5.1总结 27

5.2展望 27

参考文献 28

致 谢 29

第一章 绪论

1.1研究的意义

汽车转向器作为汽车的核心部件，它质量的优劣是衡量汽车品质的重要标准，是不可或缺的重要部件之一。从第一台汽车下线的那天起，这一重要的零部件产品便注定与之相生相伴，并伴随着汽车技术的发展而步步走向成熟。在这一过程中，它经历了由最初的机械式转向器到液压助力式转向器的转变。^[1]据有关人士介绍，将来的业内行情将大概率指向线控转向系统。这些年来，我国汽车行业呈现爆发性增长趋势，而于此零部件行业开始进入大家的视野，汽车转向系统零部件行业也乘风而起，市场上越来越多的汽车零部件厂商也紧随这一趋势，开始大规模的向这一领域加大投入。

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