摘 要

本文主要是介绍了一种新型专用汽车的设计方法。自20世纪90年代以来，中国经济快速发展，中国工程机械行业也步入了快速发展期。随着我国城镇化进程向深度和广度的发展，道路和市政设施的修缮维护及城市小型工程项目的增多，这种小业务量工程占社会施工总量的比重越来越大，并且施工作业环境越来越复杂。这对工程机械提出了更多新的要求。目前，我国工程机械总的发展趋势是小型化、智能化、多功能化，以适应越来越复杂的工作环境。本设计“自挖掘式轻型货车”即是将普通的货车底盘加以改装，使其既能实现小型挖掘机的挖掘功能，又可以作为货车进行运输作业的专用车。本设计产品主要针对作业量小、作业地点分散或是施工空间较为狭小的特殊场地，其独特的高机动性设计，可以大大提高工作效率。

本设计中，主要进行的是自挖掘式轻型货车的总体布置与设计。这其中包括车辆底盘的选型、车辆总体布置设计、挖掘机构设计、车身设计以及液压系统设计等等。主要进行的是不同设计方案的比对和选择，不同类型零部件的比对和选择以及主要参数的确定。

经过设计，该款专用汽车能顺利地实现挖掘、装卸货物等操作，可以较好地应对一些特殊场合下的任务，提高了工作效率。

关键词：专用汽车；轻型货车；挖掘机构；液压系统

Abstract

This paper mainly introduces the design method of a new type of special vehicle. Since the 1990s, the Chinese economy has developed rapidly and the Chinese construction machinery industry has entered a period of rapid development. With the development of the urbanization process in China to a depth and breadth, the repair and maintenance of roads and municipal facilities, and the increase of urban minor projects, the proportion of such small-scale business projects to the total amount of social construction is increasing, and the construction operating environment is more and more complicated. This puts forward more new requirements for construction machinery. At present, the general development trend of China's construction machinery is miniaturization, intelligence, and multi-functionalization to accommodate more and more complex working environments. This design “self-excavating light truck” is to modify the ordinary truck chassis so that it can not only realize the excavation function of a small excavator, but also can be used as a special vehicle for trucks to carry out transportation operations. This design product is mainly aimed at special sites with small work volume, scattered work sites or narrow construction space. Its unique high mobility design can greatly improve work efficiency.

This design mainly focuses on the overall layout and design of self-drilling light trucks. This includes vehicle chassis selection, overall vehicle layout design, excavation mechanism design, body design, and hydraulic system design. This design mainly compares and selects different design schemes, compares and selects different types of components, and determines the main parameters.

Through this design, this special-purpose vehicle can smoothly realize operations like excavation, loading and unloading goods, etc. It can better cope with tasks under certain special circumstances and improve work efficiency.

Key Words：Special Purpose Motor Vehicle; Light Truck; Excavation Mechanism; Hydraulic System

Contents

摘要 I

Abstract II

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Overview of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles 1

1.1.1 Concept of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles 1

1.1.2 The Position and Role of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles In Automotive Industry. 1

1.1.3 Development Status of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles at Home and Abroad 2

1.2 The Purpose and Significance of This Design 3

Chapter 2 Vehicle Structure Selection and Related Parameters 5

2.1 Truck Chassis Selection 5

2.2 Determination of Quality Parameters of Self-excavating Light Goods Vehicles 5

2.2.1 Maintenance Quality 5

2.2.2 Maximum Loading Quality 6

2.2.3 Quality utilization factor 6

2.3 Determination of Engine Parameters 7

Chapter 3 Overall Design of Vehicles 8

3.1 Container Layout 8

3.2 Excavation Mechanism Layout 8

Chapter 4 Excavation Mechanism Design 10

4.1 Working Principle of Excavation Mechanism 10

4.2 Excavation Mechanism Improvement 11

4.3 Parameters of The Excavation Mechanism 12

4.4 Rotary Platform Design 13

4.5 Excavating Mechanism Work Performance 13

4.5 Excavating Mechanism Force Analysis 14

Chapter 5 Dump Truck Container Design 16

5.1 The use and classification of dump trucks 16

5.2 Selection of Dumping Mode 16

5.3 The structure and size of the container 17

5.4 Selection of Lifting Angle Dump Truck Container 17

5.5 Design of Subframe 18

Chapter 6 Hydraulic System 19

6.1 Hydraulic Transmission System Working Principle and Composition。 19

6.2 Hydraulic Pump Selection 20

6.3 Hydraulic Cylinder Selection 20

6.3.1 Classification of Hydraulic Cylinders 20

6.3.2 Hydraulic Cylinder Selection of Excavating Mechanism 20

6.3.3 Container Lifting Hydraulic Cylinder Selection 21

6.4 Hydraulic Motor Selection 22

6.4.1 Classification of Hydraulic Motor 22

6.4.2 Selection of Rotary Platform Hydraulic Motor 22

6.5 Hydraulic System Schematic Diagram 23

Chapter 7 Selection of Power Take Off 25

7.1 Introduction of Power Take Off 25

7.2 Power Take Off Classification and Selection 25

Chapter 8 Summary 27

References 28

Acknowledgements 29

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Overview of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles

1.1.1 Concept of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles

Special purpose motor vehicles are equipped with special equipment or get specially modified, which are designed to carry special transportation or work tasks. With the economic development, the variety and number of special purpose motor vehicles are increasing. There are more than 500 kinds of special purpose motor vehicles that are frequently used. In industrialized countries, there are more than 1,000 types of special-purpose vehicles. Special purpose motor vehicles can be classified into two categories: general purpose vehicles and mining production vehicles. According to the national standard GB/T 17350-2009 "Private Vehicles and Dedicated Semitrailer Terminology, Code and Preparation Method", the special purpose motor vehicle is defined as: The vehicle has special equipment, with special functions, to undertake special transport tasks or special operations and others.

1.1.2 The Position and Role of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles In Automotive Industry.

The economic benefits of the development of the automobile industry are not just the car itself, it is also concentrated in the entire process of car use and circulation. The development of the automobile transportation industry is inevitably accompanied by the development of the automobile industry. Due to the society's increasing demands on the transportation efficiency and economy of automobiles, as well as various functions and performances, the development of vehicle transportation tools to become specialized has become an inevitable trend. Ordinary automobiles have a wide range of uses, which are generally referred to as basic models. Special purpose motor vehicles are mainly based on basic models and are equipped with special bodies or containers for completing certain types of shipments and equipment for completing certain work items. The development, production, and application of special-purpose vehicles are not only highly valued and welcomed by the society in terms of realizing door-to-door specialized transportation and operations, but also more directly play a very important role in the fields of greatly improving transportation efficiency, reducing transportation costs, expanding the application of automobiles and some other aspects. Its main functions are:

1. Special purpose motor vehicles can improve the efficiency of vehicle transportation and reduce transportation costs；

2. Special purpose motor vehicles can guarantee the quality of goods transport and reduce the loss of goods；

3. Special purpose motor vehicles can shorten loading time and reduce labor loss；

4. Special purpose motor vehicles can improve the safety of cargo transportation and reduce environmental pollution；

5. Special purpose motor vehicles can expand the functions of automobiles and promote the development of the automotive industry；

1.1.3 Development Status of Special Purpose Motor Vehicles at Home and Abroad

The production of China's special purpose motor vehicles started from the early 60s and was gradually developed on the basis of the modification of military and fire vehicles. In the 1970s, some special purpose motor vehicle manufacturers formed their own product characteristics according to the different needs of various departments of the national economy, and gradually became the backbone enterprises for the production of a certain category of special purpose motor vehicle, such as the Han yang special automobile manufacturing plant that produced semi-trailers. In the 1980s, with the development of the national economy and the improvement of the people’s living standards, China’s special purpose motor vehicles have achieved greater development. In the automotive industry, an independent special purpose motor automobile industry has formed, and introduce some special automobile parts and components technology.

At present, dump trucks take the largest proportion of China's annual output of special purpose motor vehicles, accounting for about 43%. Traction and semi-trailer vehicles account for about 22%, van vehicles account for about 20%, tank vehicles account for about 9.5%, and other types account for about 6 %.

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