摘 要

随着社会的发展与进步，人们生活水平的不断提高，一系列的大型商场、超市应运而生，以满足人们日益增长的各种需求。而伴随着这些大型商场、超市的建立，各类火灾事故频有发生，对人们的生命财产造成了重大损失。为防止或减少此类事件的发生及该类事件造成的人员伤亡，并且希望能够给予世人警示提醒，本文将从大型商场、超市结构特点，火灾疏散条件，疏散人群行为特点等方面着手，以武汉市珞狮路中百超市为样本做出分析，并借助计算机仿真软件FlexSim针对该超市做出火灾逃生场景模拟，所得结果对于大型商场、超市火灾逃生安全疏散具有一定的指导意义。期望我的研究能够对相关场所起到一定的建议作用。

论文主要研究了大型商场、超市的结构特点及其在火灾场景中的影响，对大型商场、超市火灾环境及此类环境下对人群疏散的影响进行了说明，此外还对人群在火灾场景中疏散行为模式和特点进行了相关论述。同时对珞狮路中百超市进行了多次实地数据采集，最后以珞狮路中超市作为样本进行相关场景的模拟分析。

研究结果表明：在火灾场景下的人群疏散行为是区别于正常情况的，但此类场景中的人群行为模式又具有一般性。结合一般大型商场、超市的机构特点及火灾环境模拟分析，以及珞狮路中百超市的相关数据，我们应用FlexSim软件进行仿真并得出结果为该超市火灾情景下人群疏散具有一定程度的安全性。

关键词：火灾逃生；疏散行为；FlexSim软件；安全性

Abstract

With the development and progress of society, the continuous improvement of living standards, a series of large shopping malls, supermarkets have emerged, in order to meet the various needs of people growing. And with these large shopping malls, supermarkets, all kinds of fire accidents occur frequently, causing great losses to people's lives and property. In order to prevent or cause reduce the occurrence of such incidents and the accident casualties, and hope to give people a warning to remind, this article from the major shopping malls, supermarkets structure, fire evacuation, evacuation behavior characteristics and other aspects, to Wuhan City Luoshi road Zhongbai supermarket as samples to make analysis, and using the computer simulation software for the FlexSim the supermarket to make fire escape scene simulation, the results for large shopping malls, supermarkets fire escape safety has certain guiding significance. I hope the evacuation study can To play a certain role in the relevant places.

Paper is mainly to study the large shopping mall, supermarket structure characteristics and its influence in the scene of the fire, to large shopping malls, supermarkets fire environment and under this environment to the crowd evacuation are described, in addition to the crowd in fire scene evacuation behavior patterns and characteristics related. At the same time of Luoshi Road Zhongbai supermarket were several field data acquisition. Finally, Luoshi road in the supermarket as samples were scenario simulation analysis.

Results show that the populations in the fire scene evacuation behavior is different from the normal of, but such a scenario in the people's behavior pattern has general. Combined with the general large shopping malls, supermarket the organization characteristic and the fire simulation analysis, as well as Luoshi road Zhongbai supermarket related data, we apply software FlexSim simulation and obtained results for the supermarket fire scenario crowd evacuation has a certain degree of security.

Keywords: Fire evacuation; evacuation behavior; FlexSim software; safety

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究目的及意义 1

1.2 国内外相关研究现状 3

1.3 论文章节安排 4

第2章 大型商场火灾特性及安全疏散相关问题 5

2.1 大型商场建筑物安全疏散特点 5

2.2大型商场、超市、购物中心的火灾危险性分析 6

2.3 影响火灾现场安全疏散的因素 6

2.4 大型商场、超市等场所火灾事故需注意的其他问题 8

第3章 中百超市火灾逃生相关情况说明 10

3.1中百超市的地理位置条件 10

3.2 中百超市内部布局 11

3.3 中百超市疏散人群数据 12

3.4 中百超市安全疏散相关条件 13

第4章 人群疏散行为研究 16

4.1 疏散人群心理因素分析 16

4.2 疏散人群行为特点 17

4.2.1 顾客行为特点 17

4.2.2 工作人员行为特点 18

第5章 中百超市火灾逃生仿真模拟 20

5.1 火灾火情发展 20

5.2 FlexSim软件介绍 20

5.3 基于FlexSim的火灾逃生仿真 21

5.3.1 火灾发生在超市二层 23

5.3.2 火灾发生在超市一层 24

5.4 仿真结果分析 26

第6章 中百超市火灾逃生安全性分析总结 27

6.1 中百超市火灾逃生改进建议 27

6.2 总结 28

参考文献 30

致谢 32

第1章 绪论

1.1研究目的及意义

伴随着社会的发展与进步，我们的生活环境也变得更加便利舒适，然而同时也使得我们的社会环境更加复杂，伴随着人们生活水平的提高，各类伤亡事故也屡见不鲜，其中各类火灾事件更是人民生命财产损失的一大因素。

图1.1 2003-2012年中国火灾四项指标^[4]