摘 要

针对目前武汉理工大学马房山校区校车运营存在的诸多问题，本文对其校车调度进行优化实证研究，其目的是对其校车路径、发车时间、成本进行优化，得出可行的优化方案，将其运用到实际的校车运营中，从而改善现在学校的校车运营状况，使学校师生、校车管理部门受益。

此优化过程在实地调研、考察校车运营状况的基础上，了解校车运营存在的不足及改进点，然后结合实际情况提出备选的优化方案，运用VISSIM仿真软件进行仿真，测试各方案，得出仿真结果，根据仿真结果确定优化路径。同时根据实地调研情况调整校车的发车时间、站点、发车数量，最后得出优化结果，该结果确定了武汉理工大学校车的发车时间、路径、站点、发车数量信息。

结果表明，优化后的校车运行方案能为学校师生提供更方便、快捷的服务，同时改变了以往校车较为混乱的管理。

关键词：校车路径优化; 路径选择; 实证研究; VISSIM

Abstract

Aiming at the many problems existing in the school bus operation of Mafangshan campus of Wuhan University of Technology, this paper conducts an empirical research on the school bus scheduling optimization. Its purpose is to optimize the school bus route, departure time, and cost, and to obtain a feasible optimization plan. In the actual school bus operation, the school bus operation status of the school is improved to benefit the teachers, students and school bus management departments.

This optimization process is based on field surveys and inspections of school bus operations. It understands the insufficiency and improvement of school bus operations, and then proposes alternative optimization schemes in light of actual conditions. Simulations are performed using VISSIM simulation software to test each scenario. As a result, the optimal path is determined based on the simulation results. At the same time, according to the field investigations, the school bus's departure time, site, and number of departures were adjusted. Finally, an optimization result was obtained. The result confirmed the departure time, route, site, and departure quantity of the Wuhan University of Technology.

The results show that the optimized school bus operation program can provide teachers and students with more convenient and efficient services, and at the same time, it has changed the chaotic management of school buses.

Keywords: school bus route optimization, path selection, empirical study ,VISSIM

目录

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………1

Abstract···························································2

第一章 绪论·························································4

1.1 研究背景·····················································4

1.2 研究目的·····················································4

1.3 研究意义·····················································5

1.4 文献综述·····················································5

1.4.1 国内文献综述·············································5

1.4.2 国外文献综述·············································6

1.5 研究内容与预期目标···········································8

第二章 实地调研情况综述············································9

2.1 校区地理位置介绍·············································9

2.2 现阶段校车路线与时间调研····································10

2.3 学生乘车情况调研············································11

2.4 存在问题····················································12

2.5 路况调研····················································12

第三章 技术路线···················································13

3.1 方案介绍····················································13

3.2 软件介绍····················································13

3.3 实现方法····················································13

第四章 备选方案···················································14

4.1 站点确定····················································14

4.2 备选路径确定················································14

第五章 优化过程····················································16

5.1 路径优化····················································16

5.2 发车时间及数量优化··········································20

5.3 其他优化····················································21

第六章 优化结果····················································22

6.1 优化结果····················································22

6.2 结果评价····················································23

第七章 结语························································23

参考文献··························································24

1绪论

1.1研究背景

随着我国经济的飞速发展和高校扩招，为广大高校师生提供安全、便捷的校车服务已经成为政府和各高校的主要任务之一。根据国家统计局和教育部发布的最新数据显示，全国目前共有在校大学生人数为2695.8万，如此庞大的大学生人数，必定要有与其相匹配的校车运营系统，这样才能保证师生在校出行的安全、高效。然而在中国，校车兴起时间较短，校车的管理缺少经验与理论依据，这使得许多高校的校车运营存在着管理混乱、安全性较差、效率低下、成本过高、资源浪费、路线混乱、缺乏理论支撑等问题，以至于很多时候校车不能满足或不能很好地满足师生的校内出行问题，甚至有时候学生宁愿选择公共交通而不会选择校车作为校内交通工具。从国内高校校车运营存在的诸多问题来看，校车运营管理亟待优化改善。但是国内高校数量众多，各高校的地理位置、周边路线自身条件等因素不尽相同，难以以某种固定的方法优化改进所有学校的校车运营情况，本文瑾以武汉理工大学马房山校区为例，对其校车调度进行优化与实证研究。

武汉理工大学成立于2000年，由分属教育部、交通部、中国汽车工业总公司的原武汉工业大学、武汉交通科技大学、武汉汽车工业大学三校合并成立，学校现有全日制学生50452人。学校由马房山和余家头两大校区组成，而马房山校区又分为南湖新校区、鉴湖校区、东院校区、西院校区四部分，此外在南湖校区东边还有一个学生住宿区——升升公寓。由于学习工作需要，这四个校区及升升公寓的学生需要经常在其中往返，而这五个部分之间相距较远，且各校区面积较大，周边公共交通无法满足同学们的校内出行需求，因此校车就成为了广大师生校内出行的首选。

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