带缺陷加氢反应器氢气接管的安全评定毕业论文
2020-06-20 19:17:21
摘 要
随着经济的不断发展,世界石油资源稀缺,石油品质变差,对设备的要求越来越高,对设备材料的腐蚀性也越来越强。在化工工业生产中,设备使用的场合基本都是温度高、压力大和存在腐蚀性介质的场合,加氢反应器成为一种重要的设备,由于服役在那些环境下,该设备容易出现一些问题。如果发生的问题严重的话会产生设备上的裂纹,不能及时解决的话回发生严重的事故,操作人员应该了解可能会发生的事故并能定期检查,当出现事故时能对设备进行安全评定,更好的满足生产过程的进行。同时,对加氢反应器的安全评定,更好的让操作人员了解设备的性能,以至于满足生产要求。
在本论文中,首先介绍了加氢反应器的结构和特点,对该设备的特性进行归纳总结。然后,根据加氢反应器的运行环境,了解接管用钢的特点,并对此进行分析。
其次,由于运行工况的复杂性,加氢反应器在高温高压临氢环境下服役可能发生的损伤和破坏,分析和总结设备损伤和和破坏的机理。
最后,根据实际事例用标准GB/T19624-2004加氢反应器存在缺陷的地方进行数据计算并安全评定。
关键词:加氢反应器; 裂纹;安全评定;GB/T19624-2004
Safety Assessment of Hydrogen Grip in Defective Hydrogenation Reactor
Abstract
With the continuous development of the economy, the world's oil resources scarce, poor quality of oil, the requirements for the equipment are getting higher and higher, the corrosion of equipment materials are also growing. Hydrogenation reactor, as an important and key equipment in the petroleum processing process, is serviced in the high temperature, high pressure, hydrogen environment and other corrosive environment , which will easily lead to the occurrence of degradation of material used to fabricate the reactor. In the actual production process, with the increase in the life of the hydrogenation reactor, the hydrogenation reactor material has deteriorated. The equipment will be damaged and cracked in the production process, so regular inspection can be used to detect the defects in the equipment, to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. At the same time, the safety assessment of the hydrogenation reactor is the best way for the operator to better understand the performance of the equipment. Therefore, the regular inspection of such equipment and the safety assessment of defects are aimed to ensure the safety of equipment, economic operation, to meet the production requirement , and it has important significance for the rapid development of the economy.
In this thesis, the structure and characteristics of the hydrogenation reactor are introduced, and the the properties of the equipment are summarized. Then, according to the operating environment for the hydrogenation reactor, understand the characteristics of steel used to fabricate the reactor, which is analyzed in detail.
Secondly, due to the complexity of the operating conditions, damage may occur on material of the hydrogenation reactor in the high temperature and pressure as well as the hydrogen environment, the mechanism of the damages is analyzed and summaried.
Finally, according to the standard GB / T19624-2004 " safety assessment for
in-service pressure vessel containing defects ", the standard is introduced and according to the standards the existed defects is assessed using this stardard.
Key words: hydrogenationreactor; cracks;Safety assessment ;GB/T19624-2004
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1引言 1
1.2加氢反应器的发展 1
1.3 加氢反应器的分类 2
1.3.1单层与多层壳体结构 3
1.3.2热壁和冷壁结构 4
1.4加氢反应器材料 4
1.5课题研究内容和目的 5
第二章 加氢反应器可能发生的损伤和破坏及机理 6
2.1概述 6
2.2使用中可能发生的损伤 6
2.3小结 7
第三章带缺陷设备或管道的安全评定 9
3.1概述 9
3.2 GB/T19624-2004简介 9
3.3压力容器评定的相关规定 10
3.4安全评定技术的分析 10
3.5安全评定的意义 12
3.6小结 12
第四章 加氢反应器接管裂纹的安全评定 13
4.1前言 13
4.2评定过程 14
4.3评定基本参数 15
4.3.1 缺陷表征 16
4.3.2 缺陷表征 16
4.4缺陷类型 16
4.5缺陷评定 16
4.5.1 缺陷表征 16
4.5.2 应力的评定 16
4.5.3 材料断裂性能 16
4.5.4 17
4.5.5 Lr的计算 17
4.5.6 Kr和ρ的计算 18
4.5.7 安全性评定 18
4.6结论 19
第五章 结论与展望与经济性 20
5.1 结论 20
5.2展望 20
5.3经济性 20
5.3.1 总投资估算 20
5.3.2 经济效益 21
参考文献 22
致谢 25
第一章 绪论
1.1引言
在经济的不断发展,世界石油资源稀缺,石油品质变差,对设备的要求越来越高,对设备材料的腐蚀性要求也越来越强。因此,现代炼油、化工行业设计出了加氢装置。该设备不但可以用来进行加氢反应,还可以用来让设备内的介质相互混合的场所。而且该设备在化学制药上也有,在近几十年的化工行业的发展中,加氢反应器的钢材性能和制造技术得到很大的提升[1]。
目前在我国化工工业生产中应用最广泛的就是“加氢技术设备”,主要为预加氢装置、加氢催化裂化装置及加氢精制装置。
通过加氢,或除去油,可以把设备内介质的杂质有效去除,提高了油的品质和生产效率。加氢技术不仅提高油品质量,提高二级结构精炼工艺先进的石油深加工产品,还可以作为国家炼油水平的度量。以下是加氢反应器的三种类型: