摘 要

塑料瓶作为饮料包装在日常生活中被广泛使用，每年的使用量都达到了几百亿瓶，但是废旧塑料瓶处理不当会对周围环境和居民造成较大的影响。废弃塑料瓶在经过按照颜色分类筛选之后，再经过一些后续处理步骤，可以将废旧塑料瓶变成不同颜色的塑料颗粒，成为可以被再次利用的塑料原料。我国的废弃塑料瓶分拣回收主要依靠人工来完成颜色分拣工作。分拣效率低下严重制约了我国的废旧塑料瓶回收利用率，使其迟迟不能突破百分之五十这个门槛，而欧美国家在机器视觉和计算机图像识别技术的不断发展下，利用这些技术配合机械设备已经成功将废弃塑料回收利用率提高至百分之六十。为了改善我国塑料瓶分拣的窘镜，工业界正积极向欧美国家学习引进并开发适合我国国情的基于图像识别技术的废弃塑料瓶分拣设备。经过前辈们几年的努力，废弃塑料瓶分拣的理论研究和算法已经逐渐趋于完善，距离全面投入应用指日可待。

本文以solidworks软件为基础，结合机械、力学和气压传动等知识，对废旧塑料瓶分拣系统进行三维建模工作，对废旧塑料瓶分拣系统的运动仿真研究，主要研究分拣系统的工作原理并模拟其运动过程。通过模拟废旧塑料瓶分拣设备的运动过程，我们能充分了解分拣系统的工作原理和工作过程，以及一些参数的合理范围以及最佳参数，包括气体压力范围，振动给料机的激振频率等。

关键词：回收塑料瓶、运动仿真、分拣设备、图像识别

Abstract

Plastic bottles are widely used in daily life as beverage packaging. The annual usage of plastic bottles reaches tens of billions, but improper disposal of waste plastic bottles will have a greater impact on the surrounding environment and residents. Waste plastic bottles can be transformed into plastic granules of different colors and become reusable plastic materials after screening according to color classification and some subsequent treatment steps. In China, the sorting and recycling of waste plastic bottles mainly depends on manual work to complete the color sorting. The inefficiency of sorting seriously restricts the recycling efficiency of waste plastic bottles in China, which makes it unable to break through the threshold of 50%. With the continuous development of machine vision and computer image recognition technology, European and American countries have successfully increased the recycling efficiency of waste plastic bottles to 60%. In order to improve the dilemma of plastic bottle sorting in China, the industry is actively learning from European and American countries to introduce and develop waste plastic bottle sorting equipment based on image recognition technology which is suitable for our national conditions. After years of efforts of predecessors, the theoretical research and algorithm of waste plastic bottle sorting have gradually become perfect, and it is very near to be put into full application.

In this paper, based on SolidWorks software, combined with mechanical, mechanical and pneumatic transmission knowledge, the three-dimensional modeling of waste plastic bottle sorting system is carried out, and the motion simulation of waste plastic bottle sorting system is studied. The working principle of the sorting system is mainly studied and its motion process is simulated. By simulating the movement process of waste plastic bottle sorting equipment, we can fully understand the working principle and process of sorting system, as well as the reasonable range of some parameters and the best parameters, including gas pressure range, vibration frequency of vibration feeder and so on.

Key Words: recycling plastic bottles, motion simulation, sorting equipment, image recognition

目录

摘要············································································································Ⅰ

Abstract···································································································Ⅱ

第1章 绪论··································································································1

1.1课题研究背景及意义···············································································1

1.1.1 课题研究背景·················································································1

1.1.2 课题研究意义··················································································2

1.2课题来源及研究内容················································································2

1.3国内外研究现状······················································································3

1.3.1国外研究现状··················································································3

1.3.2国内研究现状··················································································4

第2章 分拣设备的方案设计··············································································6

2.1分拣设备的主要组成及功能····································································6

2.2分拣设备的工作原理···············································································8

第3章 气动控制系统工作原理及设计目标···························································10

3.1设计目标····························································································10

3.2气动元件的型号选择·············································································10

3.3气动系统的工作原理··············································································11

第4章 基于solidworks运动仿真·······························································14

4.1 solidworks软件简介············································································14

4.2 三维模型的建立··················································································15

4.3 仿真参数设定以及影响···········································································18

4.4 仿真结果分析·······················································································21

第5章 结论·································································································23

参考文献······································································································24

致谢············································································································25

第1章 绪论

1.1课题研究背景及意义

1.1.1 课题研究背景

在中国改革开放等许多政策的扶持下，中国的塑料行业发展迅速，占据了国民经济较大的比重，塑料产业在我国逐渐成为了轻工业的支柱产业。塑料分为很多种类，其大多数是由高分子材料合成而来的，因其具耐腐蚀、不易发生氧化，质量轻强度高等优点，逐渐的取代了老牌的常用材料如铝及铝合金等材料，在各个行业都有广泛的应用，尤其是在包装和制造等行业^[1]。我国近几年的塑料使用情况，2008~2017 年中国塑料制品消费量如图1-1所示^[2]，从图中我们能得出中国是塑料的消费和生产大国的结论 。

图1-1 2008~2017中国塑料制品消费量