论文总字数：21826字

摘 要

能源是社会发展,人类进步过程中不可或缺的,随着传统化石能源越用越少，研究开发清洁可再生的资源变得愈发重要。生物质能是可再生的能源,地球上生物质能相比传统能源而言，生物质能的存量更加丰富。对生物质能进行气化利用是其最有效的利用方式,但生物质能在气化过程中所产生的焦油会大幅影响能源的利用效率以及可能会对设备造成损坏。本文对生物质能在气化利用过程中所产生的焦油吸收方法，进行实验分析研究.

搭建了焦油模拟物吸收评价装置，选取苯和甲苯为焦油模拟物，对以硅油为代表的吸收剂展开传质性能测试，重点考察了吸收剂官能团、吸收剂粘度和吸收过程温度对传质过程的影响。实验结果发现，硅油对两种模拟物具有较好吸收性能，引入氨基和苯环可明显改善焦油吸收量。两种焦油模拟物的传质系数在0.008~0.015kmol/s/m³间波动，属于典型的液膜控制。甲基硅油的饱和吸收量为0.428g/L，引入氨基可以利用乳化作用将单位吸收剂的饱和吸收量提高50%，引入苯环可有效利用有机物的相似相溶机理，将单位吸收剂的饱和吸收量提高133%；甲基硅油主要通过改变高分子聚合物占比改变吸收剂粘度，吸收剂粘度越大，传质系数越低，但穿透时间和饱和吸收量会随着粘度的增大而增大。不同吸收剂对焦油的吸收脱除能力存在差距,温度以及粘度等操作参数对焦油的吸收脱除性能也有较大的影响。同时得到了甲苯的体积吸收系数随着粘度的增大而呈线性变化，而苯的呈指数性降低，拟合得到了关联曲线。对于苯而言，粘度对最终体积吸收效果的定量表达式为，对于甲苯而言，粘度对最终体积吸收效果的定量表达式为。通过计算各项成本和收入，可得出净化系统的年收益为49万元，不考虑资金利息，约2年左右收回成本。

关键词：吸收；焦油；脱除；传质

ABSTRACT

Energy is indispensable to social development and human progress. As traditional fossil use up completely,it become more and more important to research and develop clean and renewable resources. Biomass energy is a renewable energy source. Compared with traditional energy sources, biomass energy is more abundant on the earth. Gasification of biomass energy is a agile method to utilize biomass energy, but the tar produced in the gasification process will greatly affect the utilization efficiency of energy and may cause damage to equipment. This article is the method of Tar absorption was studied and the experimental analysis was carried out. Set the tar simulated objects absorb evaluation unit, selection of benzene and toluene as tar simulation objects, the represented by silicone oil absorbent of mass transfer performance test, mainly studies the absorbent functional groups, the absorbent viscosity and temperature effect on mass transfer process of absorption process. The experimental results show that the silicone oil has better absorption performance to the two simulants, and the absorption of tar can be improved by introducing amino and benzene rings. The mass transfer coefficient of the two tar simulators fluctuated between 0.008 and 0.015kmol/s/m3, which was a typical liquid film control. The saturated absorption capacity of methyl silicone oil is 0.428g/L. The introduction of amino group can increase the saturated absorption capacity of unit absorbent by 50% by emulsification, and the introduction of benzene ring can effectively utilize the similar phase dissolution mechanism of organic matter and increase the saturated absorption capacity of unit absorbent by 133%.Methyl silicone oil mainly changes the absorbent viscosity by changing the proportion of the polymer. The viscosity of the adsorbent increases and the mass transfer coefficient decreases, but the permeability time and saturation adsorption amount are proportional to the viscosity. Different adsorbents have different absorption and removal capacities. The operating parameters such as temperature and viscosity also have great influence on the adsorption and removal performance of tar. At the same time, the volume absorption coefficient of toluene changes linearly with the increase of viscosity, while the exponential property of benzene decreases, and the correlation curve is obtained by fitting. For benzene, the quantitative expression of the absorption effect of viscosity on the final volume is, For toluene, the quantitative expression of the effect of viscosity on the final volume absorption is . By calculating various costs and incomes, it can be concluded that the annual income of the purification system is 490,000 yuan, excluding the capital interest, and the cost will be recovered in about two years.

Keywords: Absorb; Tar; Removal; Mass transfer

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 绪论 1

1.2 焦油的危害 1

1.3 焦油脱除与传质研究方法 2

1.3.1物理法 2

1.3.2控制操作参数法 3

1.3.3热裂解法 4

1.3.4催化裂解法 5

1.4焦油吸收传质研究现状 5

1.5 现有脱除方法存在的问题 5

1.6 实验要解决的问题 6

1.7 本文主要研究内容 6

第二章 焦油脱除实验部分 7

2.1 实验原理 7

2.2 实验原料 7

2.3 实验仪器 8

2.4 实验步骤 9

2.5 分析方法 9

第三章 实验结果分析 10

3.1 吸收剂种类吸收性能分析 11

3.2 吸收剂粘度对结果的影响 13

3.3 吸收剂温度对结果的影响 14

第四章 经济性分析 16

4.1 设备投资成本 16

4.2 设备运行成本 17

4.3系统盈利分析 18

第五章 结论与展望 20

结论 20

展望 20

参考文献 22

致谢 25

第一章 绪论

1.1 绪论

能源可以促进科技进步，经济发展。现在，能源、环境的可持续发展是全世界人民共同关心的问题^[1]。但是，地球上传统化石能源的蕴藏量是确定的，总有一天化石能源会被耗尽。现在人类所依赖的化石燃料正在急速减少。数据显示，人类最为依赖的传统化石资源将在两百年内陆续耗尽^[2]。同时，由于化石燃料的大量使用，导致了全球气候恶化等一系列问题。人类逐渐认识到清洁高效能源的重要性。随着社会的持续发展，人们对能源的需求不断提高，人们逐渐认识到清洁高效能源的重要性^[3]。因此，对人类来说，新能源的开发迫在眉睫。

生物质能源是传统化石能源之后的第四大能源^[4]，具有化石能源的方便储存与运输的特点并且还具有化石能源不具备的可再生特点^[5]，生物质能是唯一能将替代化石能源置换为燃料或其他化学原料，实现碳资源再利用的唯一可再生资源^[6]。目前，我国可以使用的生物质能源的总量换算为标准煤达到了700Mt，是非常具有应用前景的能源^[7]。

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