原油螺杆泵定子材料的制备及其机械性能研究毕业论文
2022-01-09 22:02:15
论文总字数:19871字
摘 要
螺杆泵具有结构简单,成本较低,适应恶劣工况等特点,广泛应用于原油开采过程之中。螺杆泵的工作寿命极大程度上取决于作为易损件的定子橡胶材料的机械性能,因此寻找到性能优异的定子橡胶配方至关重要。本文研究的对象是常用作原油螺杆泵定子材料的氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR),根据原油螺杆泵定子工作要求,设计了HNBR基础配方,在此基础上控制氧化铝()用量作为变量设计两组对照配方。按配方制备定子材料,然后制作硫化与拉伸性能测试所需的试样。进行了硫化特性参数的测定试验,得出氧化铝对氢化丁腈橡胶硫化性能的影响,还做了HNBR拉伸性能试验,研究了氧化铝对HNBR拉伸性能的增强作用,主要结果如下:
(1)本文根据原有螺杆泵定子橡胶需要较高的强度,韧性,耐磨性,抗老化性,疲劳性能等要求,选用各项性能较优越的氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)生胶为对象,添加了补强剂,硫化剂,促进剂,抗老化剂,氧化锌,硬脂酸设计出基本配方,在此基础上根据是否加入15份纳米氧化铝设计出试验所需,互为对照的两组配方。
(2)按设计好的试验配方,进行塑炼,混炼,硫化制备出了拉伸性能测试所需橡胶材料,同时用无转子硫化仪测定了硫化参数,发现加入15份氧化铝的HNBR比单纯以炭黑作为补强剂的HNBR焦烧时间短,硫化时间短,硫化力矩大,说明加入氧化铝后HNBR的硫化性能上升,交联密度增大。
(3)对制备所得氢化丁腈胶进行了拉伸性能试验,发现相比没有添加氧化铝的氢化丁腈橡胶,加入15份氧化铝后HNBR的抗拉强度平均增2.14MPa,拉断伸长率平均增加18.26%,定伸应力也有明显的提高。可知纳米氧化铝补强后的HNBR的综合拉伸性能产生了显著增强。
(4)综合分析发现加入15份氧化铝补强后的HNBR硫化性能与拉伸性能均要优于纯炭黑补强的HNBR,因此,加入15份氧化铝的橡胶配方是更理想的配方,据此可以制备获得性能更优越的原油螺杆泵定子材料。
关键词:螺杆泵 定子材料 氢化丁腈橡胶 补强 硫化 拉伸性能
Abstract
The screw pump has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, and adapt to harsh working conditions. It is widely used in the process of crude oil mining. The working life of screw pump largely depends on the mechanical properties of the stator rubber material as a vulnerable part, so it is very important to find the excellent stator rubber formula. The research object of this paper is hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), which is commonly used as the stator material of crude oil screw pump. The basic formula of HNBR is designed according to the working requirements of crude oil screw pump stator. On this basis, the amount of aluminium oxide () is controlled as a variable to design two groups of control formulas. According to the formula, the stator material is prepared, and then the samples for vulcanization and tensile test are made. The effect of on the vulcanization properties of HNBR and the tensile properties of HNBR were studied. The main results are as follows:
(1) The raw rubber of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) has excellent performance, the original screw pump stator rubber requires higher strength, toughness, wear resistance, aging resistance, fatigue performance, etc. That is why it is selected as an object. Reinforcing agent, vulcanizing agent, accelerant, anti-aging agent, Zinc Oxide and stearic acid are added to design the basic formula. According to whether to add 15 parts of nano alumina, two groups of formulas are designed.
(2) According to the designed test formula, the rubber materials needed for tensile property test were prepared by plasticizing, mixing and vulcanizing. We use non rotor vulcanizer measure the vulcanization parameters. It was found that HNBR with 15 parts of had shorter scorch time, shorter vulcanization time and larger vulcanization torque than HNBR with carbon black as reinforcement. And the crosslinking density increased.
(3) The tensile properties of HNBR were tested. The average tensile strength and breaking elongation of HNBR are 2.14 MPa and 18.26% respectively after adding 15 parts of , compared with that of HNBR without .
(4) Comprehensive analysis shows that the vulcanization and tensile properties of HNBR reinforced with 15 parts are superior to those of HNBR reinforced with pure carbon black. Therefore, the rubber formula with 15 parts of is a more ideal formula, according to which the stator material of crude oil screw pump with better performance can be prepared.
Keywords: screw pump; stator material; hydrogenated nitrile rubber; reinforcement; vulcanization; mechanical property
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1课题研究背景,目的,及意义 1
1.2原油螺杆泵定子的研究现状与进展 1
1.3氢化丁腈橡胶补强剂及硫化体系的研究 3
1.4 现阶段存在的问题及本文研究内容 5
1.4.1原油螺杆泵定子材料配方设计及材料制备 5
1.4.2 制备所得HNBR材料硫化曲线及工艺参数的测定 5
1.4.3新型补强剂对HNBR材料拉伸性能的影响 5
第二章 原油螺杆泵定子材料配方设计与制备 6
2.1 引言 6
2.2 螺杆泵定子弹性体材料配方设计 6
2.2.1 主要原材料 6
2.2.2橡胶配方设计 7
2.2.3 实验采用设备仪器 8
2.3 螺杆泵定子橡胶材料试样制备方法 9
2.3.1 橡胶塑炼 9
2.3.2 橡胶混炼 11
2.3.3 橡胶硫化 12
2.3.4 硫化特性参数确定 13
2.4 本章小结 15
第三章 螺杆泵定子材料的拉伸性能试验 16
3.1 引言 16
3.2 材料拉伸性能测试及结果分析 16
3.2.1实验仪器及设备: 16
3.2.2试验过程 16
3.2.3 拉伸性能实验结果及结果分析 17
3.3本章小结 19
第四章 总结展望及经济性评价 20
4.1 总结 20
4.2 展望 20
4.3 经济性评价 22
4.3.1 费用估算 22
4.3.2 资金来源 22
参考文献 23
致谢 25
第一章 绪论
1.1课题研究背景,目的,及意义
当前我国采油原液中油液与气体的相对比率不断增大,原油中含杂质的比例越来越多,液体粘度逐渐上升。这样的情况下,使得普通的离心油泵很难获得让人满意的工作效率。而螺杆泵,这种在上世纪30年代以后才出现的新型泵具有成本低,装置结构紧凑,装拆便利,适用于高粘度稠油及恶劣工况等多项显著优点。人们很快就发现了其应用于原油开采技术所具有的巨大优势。在我国境内,原油螺杆泵如今已是变成我国内最有效,应用最广泛的机械原油开采技术的一种, 对我国经济建设与工业发展做出了重要的贡献。
原油螺杆泵这种机械主要就是由定子与转子两部分组成,定子与转子的强度高低还有两者之间的配合的好坏决定了螺杆泵的工作效率与工作有效时间。和一般选用金属制作而成的转子相比,橡胶定子更易损坏,往往是螺杆泵中最快失效的部件。因此橡胶定子的寿命实质上决定了原油螺杆泵的使用年限。定子的主要失效原因就在于长时间处于高温、高压、大载荷作用下,致使定子橡胶的机械性能逐步下降,最终彻底丧失了原本的工作能力。因此研究螺杆泵定子橡胶材料的性能优化有着实际的重要意义。橡胶材料,补强体系与硫化体系对橡胶性能的优化有着极其显著的影响。所以研究新型的具有高强化效益的补强剂与相应硫化工艺极具现实意义,且拥有广阔的应用与经济前景。本文以纳米氧化铝作为新型橡胶补强剂,采用试验方法研究氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)在不同氧化铝用量与不同硫化工艺下的机械性能,凭此制备出新的橡胶定子材料配方。
1.2原油螺杆泵定子的研究现状与进展
1.2.1螺杆泵简介
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