论文总字数：18287字

摘 要

外浮顶储油罐是储油罐中的一种重要的类别，外浮顶储油罐在汽油、柴油等轻质油品以及原油的储存方面发挥着极其重要的作用。随着企业生产效率的提高，对油品的需求量不断增加，因此外浮顶储油罐的容量不断增加，开发大型外浮顶储油罐是21世纪的必然趋势。随着罐型的不断增大，油气泄漏问题被越来越重视，它不仅关乎企业经济损失，更关乎一线生产人员的生命健康安全。本文以石化系统中大型储油罐密封结构为研究对象，利用美国API理论经验公式、美国tanks软件以及中石化理论经验公式对大小呼吸年泄漏量进行初步计算，并基于数值模拟技术，采用CFD方法，研究大型储油罐中密封结构形式对其泄漏量的影响。主要工作和结论如下：

（1）利用美国API理论经验公式计算得小呼吸年泄漏量为25.86t/a，利用美国tanks 4.0.9d软件计算得小呼吸泄漏量为26.07t/a，利用中石化理论经验公式计算得小呼吸泄漏量为30.41t/a

（2）利用美观API理论经验公式计算的大呼吸年泄漏量为6.16t/a，利用美国tanks 4.0.9d软件计算得大呼吸年泄漏量为6.56t/a，利用中石化理论经验公式计算得大呼吸年泄漏量为6.16t/a

（3）利用ANSYS（fluent）板块对囊式填充密封间隙油气泄漏情况进行数值模拟，计算得小呼吸年泄漏量为26.26t/a，大呼吸年泄漏量为7.61t/a，以上数值均与理论计算值相近，验证了数值模拟得准确性和可靠性。同时通过观察数值模拟的压力分布图以及速度分布图，可以看到缝隙中速度相对于中线对称分布，中间流速最大，流速从中间向壁面逐渐减小。也可以从中看出壁面对石脑油气流动有阻碍作用。

（4）囊式填充密封作为一次密封形式，油气泄漏量控制不够完善，油气泄漏量较多，必要时可同时使用一次密封和二次密封以减小泄漏量，降低企业损失。

关键词：外浮顶储油罐 数值模拟 油气泄漏 密封

ABSTRACT

External floating roof tank is‌ an importan‌t category in oil storage ‌tank, External floating roof tank pl‌ays‌ a crucial part in the storage of light oil products such as gasoline, diesel oil and crude oil. External floating roof tank plays a crucial role in the storage of light oil products such as gasoline, diesel oil and crude oil. With the improvement of enterprise production efficiency and demand for oil products, the capacity of external floating roof tank is increasing.so it is an inevitable trend in the 21st century to develop large external floating roof oil storage tanks. With the increasing of tank type, the problem of oil and gas leakage has get a lot of at‌tention. It is not only ‌related to the ‌economic loss of enterprises, but also related to the life,‌ health ‌and safety of the first-line production personnel. In this paper, the‌ seal structure of large‌ oil storage tank in petrochemical ‌system is taken as ‌the research object. Using API theory and experience formula, tanks software and Sinopec theory and experience formula to calculate the annual leakage of big and small respiration, Based on the numerical simulation technology and CFD method, the influence of sealing structure on the leakage of large oil storage tank is studied. The main work and conclusions are as follows:

(1) The annual leakage of small breathing is 25.86t/a calculated by the empirical formula of American API theory, 26.07t/a calculated by the software of American tanks 4.0.9d, and 30.41t/a calculated by the empirical formula of Sinopec theory.

(2) The annual leakage of big breath is 6.16t/a calculated by aesthetic API theoretical empirical formula, 6.56t/a calculated by tanks 4.0.9d software, and 6.16t/a calculated by Sinopec theoretical empirical formula.

(3) ANSYS (fluent) plate was used to simulate the leakage of oil and gas in the sealing gap of the filling of the capsule. The annual leakage of small breath was 26.26t/a, and the annual leakage of large breath was 7.61t/a. The above values were close to the

theoretical‌ calculation va‌lues, which‌ verified the ‌accuracy and reliability of the numerical ‌simulation. At the same time, by observing the pressure distribution and velocity distribution of the numerical simulation, we can found that the velocity in the gap is symmetrical with respect to the center line, the middle velocity is the largest, and the velocity gradually decreases from the middle to the wall. It can also be seen from this that the wall face has a blocking effect on the flow of naphtha gas.

(4) As a primary sealing form, the control of oil and gas leakage is not perfect, and there are many oil and gas leakage. If necessary, the primary sealing and secondary sealing can be used at the same time to reduce the leakage and enterprise loss.

Keywords: External floating roof tank; numerical simulation; Oil and gas leakage; seal

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1外浮顶储罐的研究背景 1

1.2外浮顶储油罐的工作原理 2

1.3浮顶罐研究现状 2

1.4 主要研究内容 5

第二章 油气泄漏量的计算 6

2.1引言 6

2.2外浮顶储油罐在原有密封装置下小呼吸油气泄漏量计算 6

2.3外浮顶储油罐在原有密封装置下大呼吸油气泄漏量计算 8

2.4本章小结 9

第三章 大型外浮顶储油罐密封泄漏的数值模拟 10

3.1 引言 10

3.2 外浮顶储油罐小呼吸泄漏的数值模拟 10

3.3外浮顶储油罐大呼吸泄漏的数值模拟 20

3.4 本章小结 23

第四章 结论及经济评价 24

4.1 引言 24

4.2 结论 24

4.3 经济评价与展望 24

参考文献 26

致谢 29

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