论文总字数：27150字

摘 要

在炼油厂中，芳烃联合装置加热炉作为关键生产设备，得到了广泛的应用。但它在生产过程中会产生高热量的含硫烟气，造成了巨大的能源浪费。同时换热面也容易发生露点腐蚀，影响加热炉的安全运行。为了解决芳烃联合装置加热炉的上述问题，设计采用热管式空气预热器。

本文从热管的工作原理着手，重点阐述了热管高导热性、优良等温性、热流密度可变性、热流方向可逆性、环境适应性和恒温特性等优点。并将其按工作温度、工作液体回流动力、管壳材质、结构形式和功用分为五个大类。再由热管的应用引入热管式空气预热器这一概念。

热管式空气预热器是由热管为主要元件组成，利用热管原理实现热量交换的换热器。它相较于其他形式的空气预热器具有结构紧凑、压力损失小、传热效率高、没有掺混污染、有利于控制露点腐蚀等优势。因此，热管式空气预热器在航空系统、空调系统、个人电脑、铁路、工业锅炉、内燃机尾气余热回收以及化工等多个领域内均有广泛应用。

在芳烃联合装置加热炉系统中，加热炉实际运行中的热效率往往会比设计效率低8%～10%，造成能量消耗。在系统中加入热管式空气预热器后，则可以有效利用空气预热器回收烟气余热，将空气加热到一定温度作为加热炉的助燃气体，从而达到良好的节能效果。以提高芳烃联合装置加热炉系统的热效率为目的，本文介绍了热管式空气预热器的优点，分析了热管式空气预热器在芳烃联合装置加热炉系统中的应用。针对芳烃联合装置加热炉系统的工艺参数，确定了热管式空气预热器的设计方案，设计了一套烟气余热利用设备。并对热管式空气预热器进行了热力计算、结构设计、阻力计算、强度校核等，绘制了整个系统的安装图、设备图和主要零部件图。

关键词：芳烃联合装置， 余热， 热管， 空气预热器

The Design of Air Pre-heater for the Aromatics

Joint Devices Furnace

Abstract

Aromatic combination plant heating furnace as the key production equipment has been widely applied in the refinery. But it will generate high heat flue gas containing sulfur in the production process, resulting in a huge waste of energy. At the same time, the heat transfer surface is also prone to dew point corrosion, which affects the safe operation of the heating furnace. In order to solve the problem of aromatic combination device of heating furnace, the heat pipe air pre-heater is put to use.

The paper begins from the working principle of heat pipes, focusing on its advantages, such as high thermal conductivity, excellent isothermal, variable heat flux, reversible heat flux direction, environmental adaptability and constant temperature characteristics. And the heat pipes are divided into five categories according to its working temperature, liquid reflux power, shell material, structure and function.

Then present the concept of heat pipe air pre-heater by its application field and form.

Heat pipe air pre-heater is composed of a heat pipe as the main components, using heat pipe principle make heat exchanging reliable. Compared with other forms of air pre-heaters, it has the advantages of compact structure, small pressure loss, high heat efficiency, no mixing pollution, convenient to control the dew point corrosion etc. Therefore, heat pipe air pre-heaters are widely used in many fields, such as aviation system, air conditioning system, personal computer, railway, industrial boiler, exhaust heat recovery of combustion and chemical.

In aromatic combination plant heating furnace system, heating furnace’s thermal efficiency of the actual operation is often lower than the designed efficiency for 8% ~ 10%, which causes energy consumption. Join in the system with heat pipe air pre-heater, can effectively utilized the recuperated flue gas heat, heats the air to a certain temperature as combustion supporting gas of heating furnace, so as to achieve a good energy saving effects. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of aromatic combination heating furnace system, the paper described the advantages of the heat pipe air pre-heater, the application of heat pipe air pre-heater in the furnace system of the aromatics joint devices. Based on the process parameters of the furnace system of the aromatics joint devices, it was determined the design program of the heat pipe air pre-heater. A set of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment was designed. The thermal calculation 、structural design、calculation of resistance were carried out respectively for the air pre-heater with heat pipe, and then the drawings of the entire layout of the whole system, plans and major parts were made with AutoCAD software.

Key words: aromatics joint devices, waste heat, heat pipe, air pre-heater

目录

摘要 Ⅱ

ABSTRACT Ⅲ

第1章 芳烃生产及联合装置的介绍……………………………………………2

1.1芳烃简介…………………………………………………………………………2

1.1.1芳烃的定义及分类 ………………………………………………………2

1.1.2芳烃的来源 ………………………………………………………………2

1.1.3芳烃的利用 ………………………………………………………………3

1.2芳烃的生产………………………………………………………………………3

1.2.1催化重整法 ………………………………………………………………3

1.2.2裂解汽油加氢法 …………………………………………………………4

1.3芳烃联合装置……………………………………………………………………4

1.3.1预加氢装置 ………………………………………………………………5

1.3.2重整工艺技术 ……………………………………………………………5

1.3.3芳烃抽提技术 ……………………………………………………………6

1.3.4二甲苯分馏装置 …………………………………………………………6

1.3.5歧化及烷基转移工艺技术 ………………………………………………6

1.3.6二甲苯异构化工艺技术 …………………………………………………8

1.3.7吸附分离工艺技术 ………………………………………………………9

1.4芳烃生产技术的发展趋势………………………………………………………9

第2章 热管及热管空气预热器…………………………………………………11

2.1热管概述 ………………………………………………………………………11

2.1.1热管的结构………………………………………………………………11

2.1.2热管的分类………………………………………………………………12

2.1.3热管的工作极限…………………………………………………………12

2.2热管的基本特性 ………………………………………………………………13

2.2.1高导热性…………………………………………………………………13

2.2.2优良的等温性……………………………………………………………14

2.2.3热流密度可变性…………………………………………………………14

2.2.4热流方向可逆性…………………………………………………………14

2.2.5热二极管与热开关性能…………………………………………………14

2.2.6恒温特性（可控热管）…………………………………………………14

2.2.7环境适应性………………………………………………………………14

2.2.8相容性……………………………………………………………………15

2.3热管的工作原理及应用 ………………………………………………………15

2.3.1热管工作原理……………………………………………………………15

2.3.2应用………………………………………………………………………16

2.4热管式空气预热器 ……………………………………………………………18

2.4.1热管式空气预热器的概述及技术优势…………………………………18

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