摘 要

太阳能作为清洁能源的代表，人类对其的利用探索永无止境。目前，人类开发对太阳能的利用技术，中低温利用技术是主要研究点，而太阳能光热发电正式这项技术的主要代表。槽式太阳能光热发电技术作为目前发展最为成熟、应用范围最为广泛地太阳能光热发电技术，但是在实际应用中，能量转换为电力需要经过许多环节，每一个环节都不可避免的存在能量损失，所以槽式太阳能光热发电还存在非常多的问题，特别是其聚光集热效率较差，成为一直以来制约其大力发展的主要因素。因此，要实现槽式太阳能光热发电的普及化应用，必须克服其光热转换效率低下的特点。此外，其前期投资也是一个无法忽视的问题。本文围绕槽式太阳能光热发电的聚光器进行研究，以提升其光热转换效率。本文主要研究点如下：

1. 本章对槽式聚光器进行了性能研究，对其聚光比、聚光比与集热温度、聚光器集热效率方面进行计算，得出：聚光比与抛物槽开口宽度和焦距有关，对槽式聚光器来说，最大聚光比为68.3；代入对聚光器效率的计算，得到聚光器瞬间效率方程。本章还对槽式聚热器热力损失进行分析、建模，得出当聚光器光学性能不变时，光学损失的减少可以通过增大集热管的尺寸来完成，但随之而来的热损失会增大，反之，亦然的结论，可应用于抛物槽聚光器本身优化选型。
2. 本章对聚光器优化的部分进行了建模以及性能研究，对其聚光比、光学效率方面进行计算，得出：聚光比与凸透镜宽度和焦距有关，对优化聚光器来说，最大聚光比为136.6，优化效果明显；代入对聚光器优化部分效率的计算，得到聚光器优化部分瞬间效率方程。本章还对聚热器优化部分热力损失进行分析，得出：当优化部分聚光器光学性能不变时，光学损失的减少可以通过增大集热管的尺寸来完成，但随之而来的热损失会增大，反之，亦然的结论。这一结论可应用于聚光器优化部分尺寸优化选型； 其聚焦损失方面远远小于槽式聚光器，可减少设计安装难度。
3. 本章对两种槽式太阳能聚光器热量损失的方式进行分析，两种槽式太阳能聚光器热量损失的方式存在不用不同，但也存在相同部分，本章对两种系统热力损失重合部分进行建模研究，以及计算，完善两种槽式太阳能聚光集热系统的热力损失情况。
4. 本章对抛物槽聚光器及优化部分聚光器进行了相关能量的公式推导，应用MATLAB分别对两种形式聚光器进行面积分析计算以及有效能量的分析计算。并对两种形式聚光器以相同聚焦面积（光孔面积）和相同集热管大小为条件，分别对比了两种形式聚光器的有效能量比值，两种情况都得出优化效果明显的结论。

关键词：太阳能、集热、凸透镜、优化设计。

Abstract

Solar energy as a representative of clean energy, human exploration of its use never-ending. At present, the use of solar energy in humans is mainly focused on the use of low-temperature technology, while solar thermal power generation is the main representative of this technology. As the most mature and widely used solar thermal power generation technology, but in practical applications, the energy conversion to electricity often go through many links, each link is inevitable in the presence of energy loss, the use of solar energy, Therefore, there are still many problems in the field of solar thermal power generation, especially in its concentrating heat collection efficiency is poor, has become a major factor restricting its strong development. Therefore, to achieve the popularity of trough solar thermal power generation applications, we must overcome the characteristics of its light and heat conversion efficiency. In addition, its early investment is also a problem can not be ignored. In this paper, around the trough solar thermal power generation condenser to study, in order to enhance its light and heat conversion efficiency. The main research points of this paper are as follows:

1、The performance of the slot condenser was studied, its condenser ratio, condenser ratio and collector temperature, condenser collector heat efficiency calculation, obtained: condenser ratio and parabolic slot width and focal length , The maximum condenser ratio is 68.3 for the slot concentrator, and the instantaneous efficiency equation of the condenser is obtained by calculating the efficiency of the condenser. This chapter also analyzes and models the heat loss of the slotted heaters, and finds that when the optical performance of the condenser is constant, increasing the size of the receiver can reduce the optical loss, but the heat loss increases, and vice versa The conclusion can be applied to the optimization of the parabolic concentrator itself.

2、The optimization of the part of the condenser and the performance of the study, its condenser ratio, optical efficiency aspects of the calculation, the condenser ratio and convex lens width and focal length of the optimized condenser, The maximum convergence ratio is 136.6, and the optimization effect is obvious. The partial efficiency equation of the concentrator is obtained by calculating the partial efficiency of the condenser. This chapter also analyzes the thermal losses of the thermocouple optimization. It is concluded that increasing the size of the receiver can reduce the optical loss when the optical performance of the condenser is constant, but the heat loss increases, and vice versa. A conclusion can be applied to the optimization of the size of the concentrator to optimize the selection; its focus loss is far less than the slot condenser, can reduce the difficulty of design and installation

3、The two kinds of trough solar concentrator heat loss of the way to analyze the two kinds of trough solar concentrator heat loss of the way there is no different, but there are the same parts, this chapter on the two systems of heat loss overlap part Modeling studies, as well as the calculation and improvement of the two kinds of trough solar concentrating heat collection system heat loss situation.

4、The formula of the energy of the parabolic concentrator and the optimized partial condenser is deduced. The area analysis and calculation of the two types of concentrators and the analysis and calculation of the effective energy are carried out by MATLAB. And the two forms of the same concentrator focus area (aperture area) of the same size as the collector tube conditions were effective contrast ratio of the two forms of energy concentrator, optimization results obtained in both cases the obvious conclusion.

目录

学位论文原创性说明 1

摘要 I

关键词： II

Abstract III

目录 V

第一章：绪论 1

1.1、课题研究背景及意义： 1

1.2、太阳能光热发电国内外现状： 2

1.3、太阳能光热发电的途径及原理： 3

1.4、太阳能光热发电目前存在的问题： 4

1.5、本文的研究方向： 4

第二章：槽式太阳能光热发电聚光器性能研究 6

2.1、抛物槽式聚光器的聚光比： 6

2.2、光学效率： 7

2.3、抛物槽式聚光器的光学性能： 8

2.3.1、光反射损失 9

2.3.2、散射辐射损失 9

2.3.3、聚焦损失 9

2.4、本章小结： 10

第三章：槽式太阳能光热发电优化设计及其性能研究 11

3.1、利用凸透镜槽式太阳能光热发电优化设计： 11

3.2、优化部分聚光比： 12

3.3、优化部分的光学效率： 13

3.4、优化部分的光学性能： 14

3.4.1、光透射损失 14

3.4.2、散射辐射损失 14

3.4.3、聚焦损失 15

3.5、本章小结： 15

第四章：两种槽式太阳能光热发电集热环节通用部分热力损失相关分析 16