论文总字数：13516字

摘 要

流速仪检定水槽是用来对流速仪进行率定和鉴定的大型测量设备，由水槽槽体、轨道组件、馈电系统、检定车及其控制系统组成。测速装置用于实时测量检定车在轨道上运行的速度。测速方式有很多，比如激光测速、雷达测速、光栅尺测速......首先要选择一个合适的测速方式，将各种测速方式进行纵向比较，重中之重则是要保证测速的精度，根据不同测速方式的优缺点选出最优方案。其次，测速装置用于实时测量检定车在轨道上运行的速度，所需的测量精度要求非常高，那么就要求检定车测速工作的稳定性很高。测速装置在流速仪检定车前进的垂直方向会存在一定的横向移动，会有很大的横向力，此时应保证测速装置不受此力的影响；同样在竖直方向，也存在轨道的直线度误差，需要保证测速装置不受其的影响。这对测速方式以及测速装置的机构设计就有一定的要求。

本文采用的是使用编码器测速，测速装置的机构是使用一个测速轮，首先需要使用一个上下方向的转轴，克服轨道的直线度误差，并增加了一个弹簧调节预紧力，从而可以调节测速轮与轨道间的接触力，以确保测速轮在轨道上不打滑。另外要使用允许左右摆动的转轴，并在与车身连接处加了上下方向的转轴，以避免检定车左右蛇行运动造成的测速误差，同时可以防止测速装置在流速仪检定车前进的垂直方向会产生很大的横向力。本设计还需要根据检定车的空间结构、测速精度，选择编码器，解决好编码器与机械装置连接问题。使用Proe软件建立测速装置的三维建模。

关键词：流速仪；检定车；测速方式；旋转编码器；测速机构

Design of Speed Measuring Device for Velocity Meter Verification

Abstract

Flowmeter The test tank is a large measuring device used to rate and identify the flow meter. It consists of a tank tank, a track assembly, a feeding system, a test vehicle and its control system. The speed measuring device is used to measure the speed of the test vehicle running on track in real time. There are many ways to speed, such as laser speed, radar speed, grating speed ... ... first of all to choose a suitable speed method, a variety of speed mode for longitudinal comparison, the most important thing is to ensure the accuracy of the speed , According to the advantages and disadvantages of different speed mode to choose the best option. Second, The speed measuring device is used for real-time measurement of the speed of the test vehicle running on the track, the required measurement accuracy is very high, then it is required to test the stability of the speed of work. There will be a certain lateral movement in the vertical direction of the forward speed of the speedometer, and there will be a large lateral force. At this time, the speed measuring device should not be affected by this force. In the vertical direction, there is also a straight line Degree error, need to ensure that the speed device is not affected by its impact. This is the speed measurement method and the speed measurement device design has certain requirements.

In this paper, the use of encoder speed, the speed measuring device is the use of a speed wheel, the first need to use a vertical axis of the shaft to overcome the straightness of the track error and increase the spring to adjust the preload, which can adjust the speed wheel And the contact force between the track to ensure that the speed wheel does not slip on the track. In addition, it is necessary to use a rotary shaft which allows left and right swing and to add a shaft in the up and down direction to connect with the vehicle body to avoid the speed error caused by the left and right snake movement of the vehicle, and to prevent the speed measuring device from generating in the vertical direction Great lateral force. The design also needs to be based on the test vehicle space structure, speed accuracy, select the encoder, to solve the problem of connecting the encoder and mechanical devices. Using Proe Software to Build 3D Modeling of Tachometer.

Key words: flow meter; test vehicle; speed mode; rotary encoder; speed measuring mechanism

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目 录 III

第一章 引 言 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2本课题研究的内容及难点 2

1.3论文组织结构 2

第二章 流速仪检定车测速方案的总体设计 3

2.1常见测速方式介绍 3

2.1.1激光测速 3

2.1.2雷达测速 4

2.1.3光栅尺测速 4

2.1.4编码器测速 5

2.2检定车测速方案的总体设计 6

2.3测速结构的设计原理 6

2.3.1上下调节 6

2.3.2左右调节 7

第三章 流速仪检定车测速装置的结构设计 9

3.1测速轮的结构设计 9

3.2编码器的选型 9

3.2.1编码器的类型的确定 10

3.2.2编码器的分辨率 10

3.3联轴器的类型与选型 11

3.4测速装置的三维模型 12

第四章 测速装置的误差分析 14

第五章 总 结 16

致 谢 17

参考文献 18

第一章 引 言

1.1研究背景及意义

我国是一个水文资源丰富的国家，流速仪现在被广泛的应用测量海水流动和河流流动的流速。为了保证流速仪测量流速的准确度，每年需要使用流速仪检定系统对流速仪进行一次重新检测，这样才能确认其参数。本次设计做的是流速仪检定车测速装置结构的设计。流速仪检定水槽的作用是用于对流速仪进行检查和鉴定的大型测量设备工具，它的组成为水槽槽体、馈电系统、轨道组件、检定车及其控制系统。流速仪的测速装置用于实时检查测量检定车在轨道上运行的速度，以此来达到其作用。

流速作为水文观测的最基本的要素之一，对水利建设、环境监测以及城市安全等方面起重要的参考作用。流速的测量主要使用流速仪。转子式流速仪是水文测验中常规测速仪器，以其结构简单，价格低廉，在水文测验、水量量测、水环境监测等水利工程工作中得以普遍应用。

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