论文总字数：17986字

摘 要

随着经济的高速发展和生活水平的提高，生活垃圾的日益增多给人们的生活和交通造成了越来越多的困扰。因此，公路清扫作业的现代化和机械化得到了前所未有的需求和重视。

电动清扫车作为环卫设备之一,是一种集路面清扫、垃圾回收、运输和倾倒为一体的新型高效清扫设备。本文方案对比、通过理论计算，对电动清扫车的主刷、吸尘及储尘装置进行了设计和改进，其中包括主刷的结构、转速、位置调节和检测装置，吸尘装置，储尘装置，动 -力及传动系统等。

清扫作业时，主刷通过摆杆下降至指定高度，电机通过皮带带动主刷旋转，将车身下的垃圾及边刷送来的垃圾滚扫入吸尘装置附近。吸尘装置的风机在副发动机驱动下产生高速运动气流，在吸尘口处形成较强负压，夹带着垃圾和尘土的空气经吸尘口和管道进入储尘箱。储尘箱内装有过滤装置，通过过滤网的干净空气由风机排出，垃圾和尘土落入储尘箱。停止清扫作业时，主刷通过摆杆上升至指定高度，以防止主刷与地面接触产生磨损，这个过程中，主刷的位置由位置检测装置检测，并引起接近开关动作。储尘箱容积约150L，底面为倾斜面，倾倒垃圾时，通过电动推杆将储尘箱推出，垃圾可自动滑出，垃圾倾倒完毕后，电动推杆将储尘箱拉回，储尘箱后盖密封。从而可完成垃圾的清扫、回收、运输和倾倒过程。

关键词：位置调节；位置检测；风机；储尘箱；电动推杆

Main Brush and Suction Device Desing for Electric Road Sweeping

Abstract

With the rapid development of economic and improvement of living standards，the increasing number of garbage cause more and more troubles for life and traffic. Therefore, the modernization and mechanization of road sweeping operations has received an unprecedented demand and attention.

As one of the sanitation equipment，electric road sweeping vehicle is a new high-effect cleaning equipment, whose functions include road sweeping, garbage collection, transportation and pouring. The main brush and suction device，including structure, rotational speed, speed adjustment and detection of position devices of the main brush, suction and storage devices, power and transmission system and so on, are designed by theoretical calculation .

When working，the main brush declined to the specific height with the help of swing stem. The motor drive the rotation of main brush through a belt and sent both the garbage under the body and from the side brush garbage to near the suction device. The exhaust fan of suction device, which is driven by sub-engine, generates high-speed airflow and form a strong negative pressure at the vacuum port. The air, carrying rubbish and dust, flow into the reservoir box of dust through and the vacuum port and the pipe. Reservoir dust box is equipped with a filter device. Clean air is excluded through the filters by the fan discharge while garbage and dust fall into the reservoir dust box. After working, the main brush rose to the specific height with the help of swing stem to prevent abrasion. In this process, the position of main brush is detected by the position detection device and causing action of the proximity switch. The volume of the dust box is about 150L. And its bottom is inclined. When dumping, the Linear Motor push the reservoir box of dust out and garbage can automatically slide out. After dumping, the Linear Motor pulls the dust box back and then the dust box is sealed up. As described above, the process of sweeping, recycling, transportation and dumping is completed.

Keywords: the device of position adjustment, the device of position detection, the exhaust fan, the reservoir box of dust, Linear Motor

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 国内外清扫车的历史及现状 1

1.1.1 我国道路清扫车的发展过程 1

1.1.2 国外道路清扫车的发展过程 1

1.2 电动清扫车的研究方向分析 1

1.2.1 主刷的研究方向 2

1.2.2 风机的研究方向 2

1.2.3 储尘箱的研究方向 2

1.3.1 清扫原理分析 2

1.3.2 垃圾倾倒原理分析 3

第二章 主刷的设计 4

2.1 主刷的参数设计 4

2.2 主刷的结构及布置形式 4

2.3 电机的选择 6

2.4 主刷位置检测装置的设计 8

2.4.1 方案设计 8

2.4.2 接近开关的原理 10

2.5 主刷升降装置的设计 11

2.5.1 设计方案 11

2.5.2 电动推杆的原理 12

2.6 传动方案设计 13

2.6.1 带传动的特点 13

2.6.2 V带传动 13

2.6.3 带传动的张紧装置 13

第三章 吸尘装置的设计 15

3.1 概述 15

3.2 风机的选择 15

3.2.1 确定风机的风压 15

3.2.2 确定风机风量 16

3.2.3 风机的选择 17

第四章 储尘装置的设计 18

4.1 储尘箱的尺寸设计 18

4.2 储尘箱的过滤装置设计 18

4.2.1 方案设计 18

4.2.2 振动电机 19

4.3 储尘箱自动倾倒装置设计 19

4.3.1 方案设计 19

4.3.2箱体密封设计 20

4.3.3导轨的设计 20

4.3.4动力装置设计 20

第五章 总结与期望 21

致 谢 22

参考文献 23

第一章 绪 论

1.1 国内外清扫车的历史及现状

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