航空压气机叶片刀路轨迹规划研究毕业论文
2021-02-26 11:16:18
摘 要
高效加工是金属切削的永恒目标,机械加工技术发展重要方向。作为典型曲面零件代表的航空压气机叶片是航空发动机中压气机的关键零部件,其加工精度与加工质量直接决定了压气机的整体性能。然而,这类复杂曲面零件可加工性极低,具体表现为三点:1.曲面零件的表面厚度一般分布不均,不同厚度的区域的切削需要如何分步进行是个难点;2.曲面加工时刀轴方向的控制,直接决定曲面能否加工;3.不同的切削方式会表现出不同的刀路纹理和表面质量。
基于上述研究现状与加工难点,本文针对一种常用压气机叶片进行刀路轨迹规划,并制定其加工指引,在此基础上更进一步借助于UG软件中的计算机辅助制造加工模块针对航空压气机叶片的工艺路线进行了刀路轨迹规划、刀路轨迹仿真,最后在搭建的Vericut切削仿真实验平台进行有效的切削实验,验证整个工艺流程的高效性和可行性。
为了得到更适合选定叶片的刀路轨迹,本文在叶片的叶身部分采用两种刀路轨迹规划方案。并将这两种方案进行分析和比较,在粗加工阶段,选择加工效率较优的一种方案,对其进行仿真和后处理,生成NC代码;在精加工阶段,选取切削表面质量较高的方案,并对其进行分析和优化。借助于Vericut 软件,导入NC代码,可以模拟航空压气机叶片在实际机床中加工。仿真结果可用软件中自带的比较功能生成误差报告,在报告中,可以显示出加工出来的零件的过切量和残留量以及其在部件上的分布,得出所设计的刀路的优缺点。结果对于航空压气机叶片的机加工具有重要的指导意义。
关键词:压气机叶片;工艺;刀路轨迹;仿真
Abstract
High-efficiency machining is the eternal goal of metal cutting, and the important direction of machining technology development. As the representative of typical curved surface parts, aero-compressor blades are the key parts of aero-engine compressor, and their machining accuracy and machining quality directly determine the overall performance of the compressor. However, this kind of complex curved surface parts have very low machinability, the concrete performance is three points:1. The surface thickness of surface parts is unevenly distributed, it is a difficult point for the cutting of different thickness areas to be divided into steps ; 2. The control of the direction of the cutter axis directly determines whether the surface can be machined or not; 3. Different cutting modes will show different texture and surface quality of the knife.
Based on the present research situation and processing difficulty, this paper aims at the path planning of a common compressor blade, and draws up its machining guideline, on the basis of which the computer-aided Manufacturing processing module in UG software is used to design the path of the blade of Aero compressor, the path simulation of the tool path, and finally the effective cutting experiment of the vericut cutting simulation experiment platform, verifies the efficiency and feasibility of the whole process.
In order to get a more suitable path for selected blades, two kinds of path planning schemes are adopted in the leaf body part. And the two schemes are analyzed and compared, in the roughing stage, select a scheme with better processing efficiency, simulate and post-processing, and generate NC code; In the finishing stage, the scheme of high quality of cutting surface is selected and analyzed and optimized. With the help of Vericut software, import NC code, can simulate aero compressor blades in the actual machine tool processing. The simulation results can be used to generate error reports from the comparative function of the software, and in the report, the cutting amount and residue of the machined parts and the distribution of the parts are shown, and the advantages and disadvantages of the designed passes are obtained. The results are of great significance to the machining of aero compressor blades.
Key Words: compressor blades; process; pass path; simulation
目录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景、目的和意义 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究目的和意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 3
1.3 课题研究内容 5
1.3.1 压气机叶片刀路轨迹规划流程 6
1.3.2 技术方案和措施 6
1.4 预期目标 7
第2章 航空压气机叶片工艺分析 8
2.1 本章概述 8
2.2 航空压气机叶片特征分析 8
2.3 航空压气机叶片毛坯设计 9
2.4 航空压气机叶片工艺路线制定 10
2.5 航空压气机叶片加工机床选择 11
2.6 航空压气机叶片夹具设计 11
2.7 本章小结 12
第3章 基于UG的航空压气机刀路轨迹规划 14
3.1 本章概述 14
3.2 软件简介 15
3.3 理论基础 15
3.4 粗加工 16
3.4.1 叶片整体开粗 16
3.4.2 叶片榫头部分粗加工 20
3.4.3 叶片叶身部分粗加工 23
3.5 半精加工 25
3.5.1 叶片榫头部分半精加工 25
3.5.2 叶片叶身部分半精加工 25
3.6 精加工 27
3.6.1 叶片榫头部分精加工 27
3.6.2 叶片叶身部分精加工 29
3.6.3 叶片其余部分加工 30
3.7 后处理 31
3.8 本章小结 31
第4章 基于Vericut的机床仿真加工 33
4.1 本章概述 33
4.2 软件简介 33
4.3 机床模型的建立 34
4.4 导入模型和坐标系设定 34
4.5 配置刀具信息 35
4.5 刀路程序导入 36
4.6 切削过程仿真 36
4.7 生成切削报告 38
4.8 分析与改进 39
4.9 本章小结 39
第5章 总结与展望 40
5.1 总结 40
5.2 展望 40
致谢 42
参考文献 43
附录A 航空压气机叶片工作指引 45
附录B DMU50五轴加工中心机床参数 47