摘 要

从1952年美国研制出世界上第一台数控机床至今，数控锯床的发展速度简直有如神助，世界机床发展史可以大致分为两个阶段，第一个阶段可以叫做美国统治时期，第二个阶段可以叫做日本统治时期。第一个时期美国的机床年产量在世界上遥遥领先，并且无论从产量，质量，还是机床的加工精度以及多轴联动上都在世界上处于绝对领先的地位。然而日本后来居上，到目前位置，日本的机床年产量已经为美国的好几十倍。并且日本已经掌握了数控机床的很多核心技术，因此无论从机床的年产量还是从机床的加工进度以及机床的加工方式都在世界上遥遥领先，处于绝对的领先地位。

目前我国的数控机床在产品种类，技术水平，质量和产量上都取得了很大的发展，在一些关键技术上也取得了一定的突破。据不完全统计，我国目前研制出的可以进入市场流通并使用的机床多达1500余种，这些机床在我国的制造业的各大领域都有着举足轻重的作用。这标志了我国的机床研究，设计以及制造进入了高速发展的阶段。近年来我国的机床行业承担了很多先进机床的研发任务，比如在军工企业所需的机床领域，我国的机床行业取得了不菲的成绩。

数字控制技术和数字控制装备逐渐成为如今制造业的基石。数控车铣中心是数控技术和车床铣床相结合的一种新型加工中心。用以满足现代工业加工中，小批量，多种类，高精度，高灵活性等特点。与普通地机床相比，数控车铣中心的制造精度更高，生产加工灵活性更好，适应多品种加工更强，自动化控制程度更高。

本次设计即为小型数控车铣中心的设计，本篇论文主要讨论小型车铣中心的总体设计以及铣削部件的设计。本篇论文共分为五章，将从国内外发展现状，机床的总体设计，铣削部件的进给系统设计以及铣削部件的主轴系统设计等方面来进行研究。

本次设计采用了solidworks，AutoCAD等软件来进行了辅助设计，对小型车铣中心的铣削部件的各种结构进行了详细计算并用solidworks对其进行了建模已经用AutoCAD对其进行了工程图纸的绘制，确保对机床的设计合理可行。

关键词：小型数控车铣中心，进给系统，铣削部件，铣削主轴，加工精度

Abstrcat

Since 1952, the United States developed the world's first CNC machine tools so far, the speed of development of CNC saws is almost like God, the world's machine tool history can be broadly divided into two stages, the first stage can be called the US rule, the second stage Can be called the Japanese rule. The first year of the US machine tool production in the world ahead, and in terms of production, quality, or machine tool processing accuracy and multi-axis linkage in the world is absolutely leading position. However, Japan came from behind to the current position, Japan's annual machine tool production has been several times the United States. And Japan has mastered the NC machine tool a lot of core technology, so whether the annual output from the machine or from the machine tool processing and machine tool processing methods are far ahead in the world, in an absolute leading position.

At present, China's CNC machine tools in the product category, technical level, quality and production have made great progress in some key technologies have also made some breakthroughs. According to incomplete statistics, China has developed into the market can be used and the use of machine tools up to more than 1,500 species, these machines in China's manufacturing industry in all areas have a pivotal role. This marks the country's machine research, design and manufacturing into a high-speed development stage. In recent years, China's machine tool industry has undertaken a lot of advanced machine tool research and development tasks, such as military enterprises in the field of machine tools, China's machine tool industry has made a lot of money.

Multi-axis turning and milling complex processing technology as a modern manufacturing to adapt to multi-species, small batch, personalized development needs of the new technology, from the 20th century began to develop in the 1990s, is a traditional mechanical design and precision manufacturing technology , The integration of modern advanced control technology, precision measurement technology and CAD / CAM application technology, advanced mechanical processing technology. Is a new technology based on modern technology and modern industrial technology innovation and lead to related industry process and product quality improvement of new technologies.

This design is the design of small CNC turning and milling center. This paper mainly discusses the overall design of small turning and milling center and the design of milling parts. This paper is divided into five chapters, from the development of the status quo at home and abroad, the overall design of the machine, milling parts of the feed system design and milling components of the spindle system design and other aspects of research.

This design uses a solidworks, AutoCAD and other software to carry out aided design of the small milling center of the milling parts of the various structures were calculated in detail and solidworks to its modeling has been used in AutoCAD for its engineering drawings Drawing, to ensure that the design of the machine is reasonable and feasible.

Key words: small CNC milling center, feed system, milling parts, milling spindle, machining accuracy

目录

摘要 I

Abstrcat II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1国内外发展史及研究现状 1

1.2数控机床的发展趋势 1

1.3研究的目的及意义 2

1.4总体方案设计 2

第2章 铣削部件进给系统的设计 6

2.1铣削部件进给系统总体设计 6

2.2进给系统各零件的选择 6

2.2.1伺服电机的选择 6

2.2.2滚珠丝杠的选择 7

2.2.3支撑轴承的选择 7

第3章 铣削部件主轴系统的设计 10

3.1主轴系统的总体设计 10

3.2铣削主轴各部件的选择及设计 10

3.2.1伺服电机的选择 11

3.2.2联轴器的选择 11

第四章 铣削部件核心部件的计算及校核 14

4.1主轴直径的计算及校核 14

4.2滚珠丝杠的计算以及校核 15

结论 16

致谢 17

参考文献 18

第1章 绪论

1.1国内外发展史及研究现状

我国机床的研究大致可以分为二个阶段，1958-1979年可以做为第一个阶段，1979至今则可以看成第二个阶段。在1958年，我国的制造业完成了一件惊天动地的大事，那就是我国的第一台数控机床就此诞生了！由此，我国机床研究的第一个阶段正式拉开序幕。但是在第一阶段当中，由于设备落后，研究人员素质较差，基础也比较薄弱的情况下，曾经一度陷入瘫痪但又复生，来回往复多达数次，终于由于表现欠佳由此进入了一个停滞的时期。但从1979年至今，数控机床的设计和制造技术有了很大提高，我国通过飞速发展的经济，带动了机床行业的发展，因此培养出一批机床方面的人才，并通过各种生产出了一批先进的数控机床，因此与国外的差距正在逐渐缩小。同时通过对国外的先进技术利用，我国可以自己生产出一批高性能以及多轴联动的数控机床。但是我国对于一些关键技术和核心科技掌握较差，并且也不具备创新意识，所以与国外还有不小的差距，这也是目前需要解决的问题。

目前我国的数控机床在产品种类，技术水平，质量和产量上都取得了很大的发展，在一些关键技术上也取得了一定的突破。据不完全统计，我国目前研制出的可以进入市场流通并使用的机床多达1500余种，这些机床在我国的制造业的各大领域都有着举足轻重的作用。这标志了我国的机床研究，设计以及制造进入了高速发展的阶段。近年来我国的机床行业承担了很多先进机床的研发任务，比如在军工企业所需的机床领域，我国的机床行业取得了不菲的成绩。