列车铝合金车身的结构设计与分析毕业论文
2021-04-05 00:16:31
摘 要
随着我国社会和经济的发展,铁路列车已经成为大家长途旅行交通方式的首要选择,而动车组凭借其快速、高效和舒适等优点,更是受到多数人的青睐。随着动车组的广泛应用,对其的设计要求也逐渐提高。其中,轻量化是动车组列车发展的一个风向标。采用尽量少的材料设计出符合要求的车身,既可以节省制造成本,也可以减轻列车自重,提升运营速度,降低能量损耗。
本文简要介绍了国内外动车组铝合金车身的应用情况和发展趋势,并参考国内CRH3动车组中间车身,在了解车身结构组成和工作原理后建立了车身的几何模型。同时为了对车身进行计算分析,将车身结构进行简化,并添加适当的边界条件,根据其结构和受力特点,建立了车身的有限元模型。
选用ANSYS Workbench软件对该铝合金车身进行有限元分析计算,根据标准 EN12663—2010对仿真结果进行校核。最终得出结论为该车身符合强度、刚度以及模态的规定要求。同时根据计算结果可以看出车身各部位的应力大小相比于该材料的屈服极限有一部分余量,因此可以对该模型进一步进行结构优化,得出更为理想的车身模型。
选取车身的底架型材,通过SolidWorks与ANSYS Workbench软件相关联,将底架壁厚设置为变量尺寸,因变量选择最大变形和最大应力以及车身质量。通过对优化后的结果进行分析计算,得到一种综合各因素后最为理想的优化方案。并最终对优化后的车身进行强度、刚度和模态校核,最终得到满足使用要求的最佳方案。本文的研究结果对今后铝合金动车组车辆的车身设计和改进具有一定的参考价值。
关键词:铝合金;动车组;车身;结构设计;有限元
Abstract
With the development of Chinese society and economy, the railway train has become the primary choice for people to the long journey. With the wide application of high-speed trains, the design requirements for it are gradually improved. Among them, lightweight is an indicator. Using as few materials as possible to design a body that meets the requirements can not only save the manufacturing cost, but also reduce the dead weight of the train, improve the operation speed and reduce the energy loss.
This paper briefly introduces the application and development trend of aluminum alloy body of EMUs at home and abroad, and refers to the middle body of domestic CRH3 EMUs. After understanding the structure and working principle of the car body, the geometric model of the car body is established. At the same time, in order to calculate and analyze the vehicle body, the body structure is simplified, and appropriate boundary conditions are added. According to its structure and force characteristics, the finite element model of the vehicle body is established.
The finite element analysis of the aluminum alloy body was carried out using ANSYS Workbench software, and the simulation results were checked according to the standard EN12663-2010. The final conclusion is that the body meets the requirements of strength, stiffness and modality. At the same time, according to the calculation results, it can be seen that the stress of each part of the body has a margin compared with the yield limit of the material, so the model can be further structurally optimized to obtain a more ideal body model.
The chassis profile of the body is selected, and SolidWorks is associated with the ANSYS Workbench software to set the wall thickness of the chassis to a variable size, and the maximum deformation and maximum stress and body quality are selected by the variable. By analyzing and calculating the optimized results, an optimal optimization scheme is obtained after integrating various factors. Finally, the strength, stiffness and modality check of the optimized body are finally obtained, and finally the optimal solution to meet the requirements of use is obtained. The research results of this paper have certain reference value for the design and improvement of the body of aluminum alloy EMU vehicles.
Key words:Aluminum Alloy; EMU;Car Body; Structural design; Finite Element
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章.绪论 1
1.1课题背景 1
1.2国内外铝合金列车车身发展及研究现状 1
1.2.1国外铝合金列车车身发展及研究现状 1
1.2.2国内铝合金列车车身发展及现状 2
1.3本文研究内容 2
第2章.铝合金列车车身结构的设计 4
2.1车身结构简介 4
2.1.1车身主要参数 4
2.1.2车身结构组成 4
2.1.3材料属性 5
2.2车身结构建模设计 5
2.2.1车墙 5
2.2.2车钩装置 10
2.2.3车内设备 12
第3章.铝合金列车车身结构有限元分析 15
3.1有限元法的基本理论 15
3.1.1有限元法的概述 15
3.1.2有限元法的基本解题思想 15
3.1.3有限元分析软件ANSYS简介 16
3.2.车身有限元模型的建立 17
3.2.1车身模型的简化 17
3.2.2建立车身有限元模型 18
3.3.2模态分析 25
3.3.3结构优化设计 28
第四章.总结与展望 31
4.1本文总结 31
4.2对未来的展望 31
参考文献 33
致 谢 35
第1章.绪论
1.1课题背景
铁路车辆是铁路运输过程中直接载运乘客和货物的工具,是列车的主要承载部件,随着社会的进步,运输对车辆的要求越来越高。高速列车车辆的车身分为不锈钢车身和铝合金车身两种。不锈钢材料具有耐高温、寿命周期长和耐腐蚀等优点,但其密封性较差,主要应用于城轨列车与运行速度较低的铁路列车。铝合金材料因其密度小、机械性能好、耐腐蚀、易于加工和回收率高等优点,而被轨道交通车辆行业普遍使用。
车身作为列车的主要部件之一,在运行过程中具有传递牵引力与制动力,承受乘客和设备的重量以及冲击载荷的作用,确保了列车运行过程的平稳性与安全性,因此对其强度与刚度要求较高。同时实现车身的轻量化,可以节省材料,降低制造成本;降低列车的冲击,减少线路维修的工作量;提升列车的启动加速度与制动减速度以及运行速度等。
目前,实现列车车身的轻量化主要有两个途径:其一为选择新的合适的材料,在不改变车身结构的情况下使用密度较小且符合使用性能的材料,以降低车身质量。其二为优化车身的结构,减小不必要的尺寸,节省材料使用的同时达到车身轻量化的目的。