摘 要

差速器是汽车驱动桥中的重要部件之一，差速器在汽车行驶时起到分配发动机转速及转矩的重要作用，差速器性能的好坏直接关系到汽车的实际使用性能的好坏。要确保差速器的质量需要对其进行相应的模拟测试，而本文设计的试验台架就是为了测试差速器性能而专门设计的一款试验台架，针对差速器的重要性能指标，该试验台架可以模拟汽车正常行驶、转弯及限滑时差速器的工作状况，从而对差速器的差速及限滑功能进行测试。本文主要是针对主减速器差速试验台的机械结构部分进行设计，为设计该款试验台架，本文所做的工作如下：

1. 设计主减速器差速试验台架的整体方案。通过分析开放式试验台架与封闭式试验台架各自的优缺点，确立该试验台架的最终类型为开放式试验台架，并根据试验台架的类型选定了试验台架的整体布置方案为T型布置。
2. 设计主减速器差速试验台架的动力系统。试验台架的动力系统包括驱动端与负载端两部分，驱动端用来模拟汽车发动机的输出，负载端用来模拟路面阻力。动力系统是试验台架的重要组成部分，驱动电机与负载的规格直接决定了台架的测试范围。本文根据差速器所要求的测试范围分别完成了对驱动电机与负载电机的设计。
3. 设计主减速器差速试验台架的传动装置。试验台架的传动装置起到将台架的动力与负载传递到试验对象的作用，是试验台架在工作的过程中除驱动电机与负载外的主要运动部分。因此，本文在对传动装置连接方案的设计与各连接件的设计与选型时，对其结构、安装、拆卸、维护及使用寿命等做出了考虑，并对关键传动件的力学性能进行了校核。最终确定了一种结构简单、安装拆卸方便、使用寿命长的连接方案。
4. 主减速器支架的有限元分析。有限元分析是近年来所发展起来的一种十分有效的计算方法，广泛的应用于工程设计计算、企业研发、科研领域等。主减速器支架在试验台架工作时起到支承并固定实验对象的作用，对其进行有限元分析可以确保支架在工作的过程中不会发生由于力学性能不足而引起的断裂及变形等损坏。本文的主要工作是完成了支架三维模型的绘制，并使用ANSYS Workbench软件对其进行有限元分析。

随着我国汽车行业的不断发展，无论是消费者还是企业，对汽车质量的要求都在不断提高。汽车试验作为检验并提高产品质量的重要手段，也在随着汽车行业的发展过程中变得越来越重要。试验台架作为汽车试验必不可少的设备，其质量的高低对于汽车质量的影响巨大，因此，不断提高汽车试验台架的功能与技术水平对汽车行业具有重大意义。

关键词：差速器；试验；台架；传动；有限元

Abstract

Differential is one of the important parts of automobile driving axle. Differential plays an important role in distributing engine speed and torque when driving. The performance of differential is directly related to the actual performance of automobile. In order to ensure the quality of the differential, it is necessary to carry out corresponding simulation tests. The test bench designed in this paper is a special test bench designed for testing the performance of the differential. Aiming at the important performance indexes of the differential, the test bench can simulate the working conditions of the differential during normal driving, turning and limited slipping, so as to advance the differential and limited slipping function of the differential. Line test. In this paper, the mechanical structure of the main reducer differential test-bed is designed. In order to design the test-bed, the work done in this paper is as follows:

(1) Design the overall scheme of the differential test bench of the main reducer. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the open test bench and the closed test bench, it is established that the final type of the test bench is the open test bench. According to the type of the test bench, the overall layout scheme of the test bench is chosen as the T-type layout.

(2) Design the power system of the differential test bench of the main reducer. The power system of the test bench includes two parts: the driving end and the load end. The driving end is used to simulate the output of the automobile engine, and the load end is used to simulate the road resistance. Power system is an important part of the test bench. The specifications of driving motors and loads directly determine the test range of the bench. In this paper, the design of driving motor and load motor is completed according to the test range required by differential.

(3) Design the transmission device of the differential test bench of the main reducer. The transmission device of the test bench plays the role of transmitting the power and load of the bench to the test object. It is the main moving part of the test bench besides driving the motor and load in the working process. Therefore, this paper considers the structure, installation, disassembly, maintenance and service life of the transmission device, and checks the mechanical properties of the key transmission parts. Finally, a connection scheme with simple structure, convenient installation and disassembly and long service life is determined.

(4) Finite element analysis of main reducer bracket. Finite element analysis is a very effective calculation method developed in recent years. It is widely used in engineering design calculation, enterprise research and development, scientific research and so on. The main reducer bracket plays the role of supporting and fixing the experimental object when the test bench works. The finite element analysis can ensure that the bracket does not suffer from fracture and deformation caused by insufficient mechanical properties. The main work of this paper is to complete the drawing of the three-dimensional model of the support, and use ANSYS Workbench software to carry out finite element analysis.

With the continuous development of China's automobile industry, whether consumers or enterprises, the requirements for automobile quality are constantly improving. As an important means of testing and improving product quality, automobile test is becoming more and more important with the development of automobile industry. As an indispensable equipment for automobile test, the quality of test bench has a great impact on the quality of automobile. Therefore, it is of great significance for the automobile industry to continuously improve the function and technical level of automobile test bench.

Key words: differential; test; gantry; transmission; finite element

目录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究的背景、目的和意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3研究内容 2

第2章 主减速器差速试验台架的整体方案设计 3

2.1差速器结构与性能的分析 3

2.2差速器性能的试验要求 3

2.3主减速器差速试验台架的基本方案设计 4

2.3.1台架类型对比分析 4

2.3.2台架布置方案分析 5

2.4主减速器差速试验台架整体方案 6

第3章 主减速器差速试验台动力系统的设计 7

3.1台架驱动装置的设计 7

3.1.1台架驱动电机功率的计算 7

3.1.2台架驱动电机选型 8

3.2台架负载装置的设计 8

3.3台架动力系统的整体设计 9

第4章 传动装置的设计与校核 10

4.1台架驱动端传动装置的设计 10

4.1.1台架驱动端连接方案的设计 10

4.1.2台架传动装置的选型 11