H16调座精铣两端面专用夹具设计毕业论文
2021-07-12 21:45:11
摘 要
H16产调座为国内某型汽车发动机的一种温度调节器座。本次设计任务为针对H16产调座精铣两端面时设计专用夹具以在加工过程中对工件进行定位与夹紧。随着工业的发展,专用夹具的使用能使工件在某一特定工序中的生产效率显著提高。本次设计的具体任务是,首先对H16调座机加工工艺分析与设计,然后针对该道工序对组合机床进行总体设计。最后进行专用夹具设计。设计的夹具要求能满足基本的定位与夹紧的要求。而且还要满足刚性要求,定位准确,工件装取方便且利于观察。
在本次设计过程中,首先对H16产调座的机加工工艺进行了分析与设计,具体包括:工件在精铣两端面这一工序中的加工要求与零件特点,接着分析了工件的毛坯种类及制造方法,以及工件在加工时的定位基面。然后针对本工序选择刀具,以及加工过程中应该留的机械加工余量,随后确定切削用量以及加工所需的基本工时。其中切削用量包括确定背吃刀量,进给量以及铣削速度。进而计算出了铣削时的切削力即切削功率。其次对精铣两端面组合机床进了总体配置上的设计。确定机床的总体配置为卧式双面铣床,接着完成了精铣两端面组合机床“三图一卡”的绘制。最后,根据前面对工件工艺性的分析,机床的总体配置形式设计出了精铣两端面时的专用夹具。并针对“一面两销”定位方式计算了定位误差,针对气缸驱动铰链夹紧机构计算了夹紧力的大小,以及设计了自动调节支承系统。
最后利用三维软件Solidworks作出了专用夹具的三维模型,并导出了夹具的装配图以及非标零件的零件的二维图,并利用二维软件Autocad对装配图及零件图进行了进一步的修改,以及对三维结构的再优化。
关键词:调温器座;组合机床;专用夹具;
Abstract
H16 thermostat seat is a certain type of domestic production of automobile engine .This design task is to design a special fixture for the H16 thermostat seat when finishing it’s two end faces.so we can clamping and positioning of the workpiece during the machining process.With the development of industry, the use of special fixture can significantly improve the efficiency of production in a particular working procedure.The specific task of this design is that make some analysis and design of machining technology for H16 thermostat seat firstly.Then do overall design of combined machine tool for this working procedure.Finally design a special fixture for this working procedure.The design of special fixture is asked to meet the basic requirements of positioning and clamping。Also it needs to meet the rigid requirements, positioning accuracy, workpiece loading convenient and conducive to observation.
In this design process, first of all, I analyze and design the machine processing technology for the H16 thermostat seat.These including: the processing requirements and parts characteristics of the workpiece in the process of finishing it’s two end faces.And then analyzes blank type of workpiece and its manufacturing method. And the location datum during the machining process.Then select the cutting tool, machining allowance, determine the amount of cutting and the basic working hours required by the process which including the determination of cutting depth, feed rate and cutting speed.And then the cutting force, cutting power, is calculated.Secondly, the design of the combined machine tool about the two ends of the fine milling machine is finished.The form of machine tool is Horizontal double side milling machine.Then,according to the requirements I completed the design of “the three charts and a card”,Including the working drawing,Processing sketch map,Contact size diagram of machine tool and Productivity calculation card.Finally, according to the analysis of the technological process of the workpiece, the overall configuration of the machine tool I designed the special fixture.Also calculating location error for “A Plane and Two Pins" Positioning .And I calculate the size of the clamping force,designed automatic adjusting supporting system.
Finally, the three-dimensional model of the special fixture is made by using the 3D software Solidworks.Also the fixture assembly drawing and the non-standard parts of the two-dimensional figure is made by the use of two-dimensional software Autocad ,and further modification for the assembly drawings , as well as the three-dimensional structure of the re optimization.
Key Words:Thermostat seat;Combined machine tool;special fixture;
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2 国内外夹具发展现状 1
1.3课题的研究目标及研究内容 2
第2章 加工工艺分析 3
2.1被加工零件加工要求 3
2.2定位夹紧方式的分析 4
2.3 毛坯种类及制造方法 5
2.4刀具的选择 5
2.5机械加工余量的确定 7
2.6确定切削用量及基本工时 7
第3章 组合机床总体设计 11
3.1铣床配置形式 11
3.2加工工序图 12
3.3加工示意图 12
3.4主要动力部件的选择 13
3.4.1铣削头的选择 13
3.4.2铣削工作台的选择 14
3.4.3装料高度的确定 15
3.5机床联系尺寸图 15
3.6生产率计算卡 16
3.6.1机床生产率计算 16
3.6.2生产率计算卡绘制 17
第4章 精铣两端面专用夹具设计 19
4.1定位支承系统的设计 19
4.2定位误差的计算 20
4.3 夹紧力的计算 21
4.4夹紧机构设计 23
4.4.1夹紧装置选择 23
4.4.2夹紧装置所需推力计算 24
4.4.3气缸选型 26
4.5辅助支承系统的设计 26
4.6夹具装配图的绘制 27
第5章 总结与展望 28
5.1 总结 28
5.2 展望 28
致谢 29
参考文献 30
第1章 绪论
1.1 课题背景
H16调座为国产长安汽车某型发动机的一种温度调节器座。调温器,顾名思义,其作用是使发动机不至于过冷或过热。例如在没有调温器的情况下,发动机在冬天开启时可能会产生温度过低的问题。为了解决发动机温度过低这个问题,发动机中的水循环必须被暂时终止。
该调座有些表面有较高精度要求,若其精度无法保证,制造的产品不合格,会使调温器失效,不能完全打开和完全关闭,不能完全打开会使发动机夏天使温度过高。不能完全关闭会使在冬天时发动机启动变慢。且该产品年生产纲领为20万台,具有较高的生产率要求。
为保证生产率及精度要求,根据H16调座的技术要求,其两端面需要进行粗、精铣。本次的设计任务是对H16产调座精铣两端面工序进行铣床及专用夹具设计。
随着工业的发展,机床夹具在机械制造业中已经成为了一种必不可少的装备。其作用是在机床上迅速准确的固定工件或刀具,使工件与刀具保持正确的相对位置,从而完成对工件的加工。专用夹具的作用对象是某一特定工序,即本次任务中的精铣两端面。只有使用专用夹具,才能使工件的大批量生产成为可能。