摘 要

钢弹簧浮置板轨道是现在隔振性能最好的轨道结构，广泛应用在周围设备精度高要求隔振性能高的路段，但是在各种轨道中的钢轨上都会出现不同程度不同特性的钢轨波磨。钢轨波磨的产生和发展与轮轨系统的振动有重要关系，影响轮轨振动的因素中刚度是一个很重要的因素。本文在地铁隧道中钢弹簧浮置板轨道钢轨波磨的产生和发展的背景下设计开发一款刚度可以调节的浮置板轨道。浮置板轨道的刚度由钢轨的刚度、扣减刚度、隔振器中钢弹簧的刚度组成，本文通过设计机械结构来该改变浮置板下的支承刚度，即隔振器中钢弹簧的刚度，来实现轨道结构整体刚度的调节。刚度可以调节的轨道段属于标准段轨道，其两端连接的仍是钢弹簧浮置板轨道，要实现与普通轨道刚度的过渡需要设计过渡段轨道。

论文主要研究了钢弹簧浮置板轨道浮置板下隔振器中钢弹簧刚度的调节办法，结合现在隔振器的结构设计刚度可以调节的隔振器。隔振器中的重要零件是钢弹簧，所以首先设计钢弹簧，然后由内而外设计完成隔振器。正常运行条件下隔振器受到列车和浮置板的载荷，直接调节隔振器难以实现，所以结合施工过程中的浮置板顶升过程设计调节刚度时的卸荷过程，即卸载掉隔振器上的载荷，卸荷需要用到专用千斤顶，本文结合隔振器的设计结果设计了相关需要的螺旋千斤顶进行手动调节。而浮置板的尺寸参数扣件参数不是设计重点，按照相关论文选择。使用Solid Works建模，同时结合机械设计手册使用Ansys Workbench进行强度校核。按照浮置板、地铁设计规范建立理论模型对浮置板进行校核分析，因为列车运行载荷大，地铁对舒适性也有要求，钢轨的垂向位移和浮置板的垂向位移都要在一定的范围内。设计的可以调节支承刚度的浮置板是标准段轨道所用，为了实现到其他轨道刚度的平稳过渡，本文同时设计了过渡段浮置板并校核垂向位移和运行过程的位移变化。

本文的特色：设计开发了一款用于地铁隧道内的钢弹簧浮置板轨道，特色所在就是隔振器的刚度可以调节。同时设计了配套使用的用来卸荷的千斤顶和过渡段轨道。

关键词：钢弹簧浮置板轨道；刚度调节；千斤顶；过渡段轨道

Abstract

The steel spring floating slab track is the track structure with the best vibration isolation performance. It is widely used in the sections where the surrounding equipment has high precision and high vibration isolation performance. However, rail waves of different degrees and different characteristics will appear on the steel rails in various tracks. The generation and development of rail corrugation have an important relationship with the vibration of the wheel-rail system. Among the factors that affect the vibration of the wheel-rail, the stiffness is a very important factor. This paper designs and develops a floating slab track with adjustable stiffness in the context of the generation and development of steel spring floating slab track rail grinding in subway tunnels. The stiffness of the floating plate track is composed of the stiffness of the rail, the deduction stiffness, and the stiffness of the steel spring in the vibration isolator. This paper changes the support stiffness under the floating plate by designing a mechanical structure, that is the stiffness of the steel spring in the vibration isolator , to achieve the adjustment of the overall rigidity of the track structure.

The thesis mainly studies the method of adjusting the rigidity of the steel spring in the vibration isolator under the floating plate of the steel spring floating plate track. Combined with the structural design of the current vibration isolator, the rigidity can be adjusted. The important part in the vibration isolator is the steel spring. So the steel spring is designed first, and then the vibration isolator is designed from the inside out. Under normal operating conditions, the vibration isolator is subject to the load of the train and the floating plate. And it is difficult to directly adjust the vibration isolator, so the unloading process when adjusting the stiffness is designed in conjunction with the floating plate jacking process during construction. So the vibration isolation is unloaded .The load on the device and the unloading need to use a special jack. In this paper, the design of the relevant screw jack is designed for manual adjustment based on the design results of the vibration isolator. The size parameter of the floating plate is not the design focus, and the selection is based on the relevant papers. Use Solid Works for modeling, and use Ansys Workbench for strength check in combination with the mechanical design manual. According to the design standards of floating slabs and subways, establish theoretical models to check the floating slabs, mainly the vertical displacement of the rails and floating slabs. The design of the floating plate with adjustable stiffness belongs to the steel spring floating plate track of the standard section. In order to achieve a smooth transition to the stiffness of other tracks, this paper also designs the floating plate of the transition section and checks the vertical displacement and the displacement variety during the operation process.

The characteristic of this article: The design and development of a steel spring floating slab track used in subway tunnels. The characteristic is that the rigidity of the vibration isolator can be adjusted. At the same time, the supporting jacks and transition track for unloading are designed.

Key Words： steel spring floating slab track；stiffness adjustment；jack; transition section track

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 钢轨波磨的研究 1

1.2.2 过渡段轨道的研究 4

1.3 研究内容和技术路线 4

1.3.1 研究内容 4

1.3.2 技术路线 5

1.4 本章小结 6

第2章 钢弹簧浮置板轨道简介 7

2.1 钢弹簧浮置板轨道的结构 7

2.2 钢弹簧浮置板轨道的分类 7

2.3 钢弹簧浮置板轨道的隔振原理 8

2.4 钢弹簧浮置板轨道的优点 8

2.5 轨道参数对轨道振动的影响 9

2.5.1 模态分析的原理和方法 9

2.5.2 浮置板长度的影响 9

2.5.3 浮置板厚度的影响 9

2.5.4 浮置板密度的影响 9

2.5.5 扣件垂向刚度的影响 9

2.5.6 钢弹簧垂向刚度的影响 10

2.5.7 钢弹簧间距的影响 10

2.6 本章小结 10

第3章 标准段钢弹簧浮置板的设计 11

3.1 相关参数 11

3.1.1 列车 11

3.1.2 钢轨 11

3.1.3 浮置板 12

3.1.4 扣件 12

3.2 钢弹簧的设计 13

3.2.1 弹簧材料和类型的选择 13

3.2.2 弹簧的参数设计 13

3.2.3 弹簧可以调节的刚度范围 15

3.2.4 轨道结构总刚度变化量 15

3.3 钢弹簧的校核 16

3.3.1 形变量校核 16

3.3.2 疲劳强度校核 17

3.3.3 静强度校核 17

3.3.4 稳定性校核 17

3.3.5 共振校核 17

3.4 内套筒的设计 18

3.4.1 调节块的设计 18

3.4.2 弹簧盖板的设计 19

3.4.3 支撑板的设计 19

3.4.4 调节筒的设计 19

3.4.5 底座的设计 20

3.5 外套筒及隔振器顶盖的设计 20

3.5.1 外套筒的设计 20

3.5.2 隔振器顶盖的设计 21

3.6 隔振器装配体 21

3.7 浮置板装配体 22

3.8 ‎3隔振器的校核 22

3.8.1 支撑板的校核 23

3.8.2 调节块的校核 23

3.8.3 外套筒的校核 23

3.9 浮置板的校核 24

3.9.1 理论模型 24

3.9.2 计算模型 25

3.9.3 浮置板垂向位移的校核 25

3.9.4 钢轨垂向位移的校核 28