熔石英激光辅助切削过程分析与数值模拟毕业论文
2021-11-14 21:11:08
论文总字数:26723字
摘 要
熔石英化学性能稳定、透光性能优越,在航空航天、国防、半导体等领域获得越来越广泛的应用,但由于熔石英的脆硬特性,传统切削加工难以满足要求。激光辅助加工技术因其能够改善材料的切削性能而被广泛应用于硬脆材料的加工中,本文将通过仿真的方法对熔石英激光辅助加工进行过程分析和研究,本研究的主要内容如下:
首先,本研究进行熔石英激光辅助加工的温度场仿真。通过求解激光作用下的导热微分方程,在COMSOL环境中求解熔石英工件的温度场。通过研究工件表面温度和工件内部温度的分布情况,分析激光对熔石英工件的作用规律。通过仿真研究不同激光功率、激光移动速度对温度场的影响。结果表明,增大激光功率、减小热源移动速度都能提高熔石英工件的温度。
其次,本研究进行熔石英激光辅助加工过程仿真。采用FEM和SPH耦合的方式建立了不同温度下熔石英加工的仿真模型,通过仿真研究激光辅助和传统切削两种加工方式下的切削力、等效应力、表面质量的异同。仿真结果表明,与传统切削相比,熔石英在激光辅助加工中由脆性断裂向塑性变形转化,切削力、等效应力大幅减小,表明质量显著提高。研究不同激光功率和切削深度对激光辅助加工的影响,结果表明,增大激光功率和降低切削深度可减小切削力,降低表面粗糙度。
本研究通过建立熔石英激光辅助加工温度场和其切削过程的仿真分析验证了熔石英激光辅助加工的可行性和优越性,为实际生产提供理论基础。
关键词:熔石英;激光辅助加工;切削模型;温度场
Abstract
Fused silica has been widely used in industry fields, because of its excellent properties, such as in aerospace, national defense equipment and semiconductor. Convenient machining(CM) cannot achieve good processing results due to the high hardness and brittleness of fused silica. Laser assisted machining(LAM) is a promising machining method in the field of difficult to cut materials, with the advantage of improving the cutting performance of materials. In this regard, this paper explored the LAM of fused silica using simulation. The main contents of this study are as follows:
Firstly, the temperature field of LAM was studied. The temperature field model was developed in COMSOL by solving the thermal conductivity differential equation. The temperature distribution of the surface and interior of workpiece was gotten to analyzed the laser effect on fused silica. The influence of laser power and laser moving speed on the temperature field was obtained through simulating. The results show that the temperature of the workpiece increases under the bigger laser power and the smaller moving speed of heat source.
Secondly, by using FEM and SPH coupling, the cutting model of fused silica at different temperatures was established to analyze the differences of cutting process, cutting force and surface roughness between LAM and CM. The results show that, compared with CM, the cutting process of fused silica is transformed to plastic deformation in the process of LAM and the cutting force and equivalent stress are greatly reduced with a significant improvement in the quality. The effects of different laser power and cutting depth on LAM were studied. The results show that cutting force and surface roughness could reduce by increasing the laser power and decreasing the cutting depth.
In this study, the feasibility and superiority of LAM of fused silica were verified by establishing the temperature field and the simulation analysis of its cutting process, providing a theoretical basis for production.
Key words: fused silica; laser assisted machining; cutting model; temperature field
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景及意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 2
1.2.1 熔石英加工研究现状 2
1.2.2 激光辅助加工研究现状 2
1.3研究内容和技术方案 4
1.3.1 论文研究内容 4
1.3.2技术方案 4
第2章 熔石英激光辅助加工温度场仿真 6
2.1引言 6
2.2激光与材料的相互作用 6
2.3激光热源的选择与建模 7
2.3.1激光热源的选择 7
2.3.2激光热源的建模 8
2.4 熔石英LAM温度场建模 9
2.4.1基本假设 9
2.4.2导热微分方程 10
2.4.3边界条件 11
2.4.4几何模型 12
2.4.5结果分析 12
2.5工艺参数对熔石英LAM温度场影响 15
2.5.1激光功率对温度场的影响 15
2.5.2激光移动速度对温度场的影响 16
第3章 熔石英激光辅助加工过程仿真 17
3.1引言 17
3.2熔石英LAM和CM仿真模型建立 17
3.2.1几何模型 17
3.2.2材料模型 18
3.2.3边界条件设置 20
3.2.4热—力耦合求解设置 21
3.3熔石英LAM和CM仿真结果 21
3.3.1切削过程对比 21
3.3.2等效应力对比 22
3.3.3切削力对比 23
3.3.4加工表面质量对比 24
3.4工艺参数对熔石英LAM影响 24
3.4.1激光功率对LAM影响仿真分析 24
3.4.2切削深度对LAM影响仿真分析 26
第4章 总结与展望 28
4.1 总结 28
4.2 展望 28
参考文献 30
致 谢 33
第1章 绪论
1.1研究背景及意义
熔石英是由硅氧元素组成的非晶态固体,由高纯度的二氧化硅在高温电炉中熔融后快速冷却制得[1]。熔石英具有熔点高、导热系数低、耐腐蚀能力强等优点。与普通玻璃相比,熔石英玻璃具有极佳的光谱特性,尤其在紫外线光谱部分,熔石英玻璃更是具有其他玻璃无可比拟的透过性。熔石英透光性能好、化学性能稳定等优点,使其在国防、电子、半导体等领域应用越来越广泛[2]。熔石英广阔的应用前景也意味着对其加工要求不断提高,寻求更适合熔石英元件的加工方式尤为重要。
图1.1 熔石英玻璃 |
熔石英传统的加工方式为机械研磨,但由于熔石英的硬脆特性,其加工过程易出现崩碎、裂纹等缺陷,无法满足日益提高的生产需求[3]。化学刻蚀、超声加工、等离子刻蚀、热场辅助加工等技术被逐渐引入到熔石英的加工中。其中,热场辅助加工技术是通过外部热源软化材料的方法,改变材料可加工性能,从而提高加工质量及加工效率[4]。激光作为一种常用热源,因其热能密度高、快速预热、加热面积大小及位置易于控制等特点,被广泛应用于硬脆材料的热场辅助加工中[5]。本文将对熔石英激光辅助加工的过程进行数值模拟和仿真分析。
图1.2 激光辅助切削原理图 |
1.2国内外研究现状
1.2.1 熔石英加工研究现状
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