摘 要

众所周知，21世纪的高科技智能化产业发展愈发迅猛，人们对科技产品的需求普遍提高，智能化产品得到了长足的发展，使人类的生活方式和出行手段得到了翻天覆地的变化，智能交通系统也随之应运而生，其中智能车辆作为智能交通系统的关键一环受到各界的普遍关注。在国内外关于智能车辆的研究中，大多数研究集中在智能交通系统领域、关键技术领域，对于具体的，符合21世纪智能车辆发展的体系结构问题，目前还缺乏有效的研究方法。结合我国现阶段的对汽车工业的发展战略。根据车辆的基本结构框架，构建智能车辆结构体系，探讨其运行机制，对其中关键性技术进行了深入的研究，这都对未来智能汽车的发展具有一定的参考意义。

本文参考了现阶段全球范围内智能交通系统的研究近况，研究了智能交通和智能车辆的基本理论，探讨了国内外智能车辆的发展现状。在合理运用车辆基本构造与理论的基础下，提出了智能车辆体系结构的基本模型，并对智能车辆中的各个系统深入分析和探究，找到了适合21世纪智能交通系统的智能车辆结构，还对智能车辆中的所应用的关键技术进行了具体分析，为智能车辆未来在我国的发展进步提出了一系列合理化建议。

研究成果表明：智能车辆作为影响新世纪智能交通系统的关键因素，其发展对汽车工业，以及未来人类交通出行的发展具有革命性的推动作用。合理的智能车辆体系结构和关键性的高新技术在智能车辆的发展中具有举足轻重的作用。所以我国发展智能车辆必须依赖于正确的体系结构，结合自身优势，不断增强自主创新能力，只有这样才能在未来的智能车辆领域占有一席之地。

本文的特色：基于现阶段的智能车辆发展现状，结合智能车辆的基本理论和研究成果提出了智能车辆体系结构模型和系统组成，对其中所使用的关键技术进行了深入研究，提出了符合我国现状的智能车辆发展建议。

关键词：智能车辆；体系结构；关键技术

Abstract

In the 21st century, the high-tech industry has got a rapid development, the demand of the people in technology products also have improved, intelligent products have been developed by leaps and bounds, so the lifestyles of the people and the mode of travel in people have gotten the big changes. Meanwhile the intelligent transportation system has been proposed because of the development of the technology. And the intelligent vehicle as an important part of intelligent transportation system has been paid more and more attention from people. In the research of intelligent vehicle both at domestic and abroad, most of the research focuses on the field of intelligent transportation system and the key technology field. Up to now, there is still no effective research method for the specific architecture of intelligent vehicle which is fitted for the development of intelligent vehicle in the 21st century. Combined with Chinese current development strategy for the automotive industry and the basic structure of the vehicle frame, the construction of intelligent vehicle structure system and carried out in-depth research on the key technology will give some significance advice for the future development in intelligent vehicle.

This paper fully introduces the development level of intelligent transportation system at moment and elaborates the basic theory of intelligent transportation and intelligent vehicle, what’s more, it discusses the development status of intelligent vehicle both at domestic and abroad. Based on the basic structure and theory of the vehicle, the intelligent vehicle architecture hierarchy model is put forward, and the intelligent vehicle system is deeply researched and discussed. The intelligent vehicle structure which is suitable for the 21st century intelligent transportation system has been found, the key technology in the vehicle also has been analyzed. Finally, a series of rationalization suggestions have been put forward for the future development of intelligent vehicles in China.

The results of this research show that intelligent vehicle as a key factor in the new century intelligent transportation system has a revolutionary role in promoting for the automobile industry. The reasonable architecture of the intelligent vehicle and the key high-tech in the development of intelligent vehicles played a decisive role. Therefore, the development of intelligent vehicles in China must rely on the correct architecture, combine with their own advantages, and continuously enhance the ability of independent innovation, according on these, it can be occupied a place in the future field of intelligent vehicles

The characteristics of this paper are as follows: Based on the present situation of intelligent vehicle development and research results of intelligent vehicle, the intelligent vehicle architecture model and system composition have been put forward, meanwhile the key technologies used have been studied in detail in this paper. And this paper has given some suggestions on the Development of Intelligent Vehicles in China.

Key Words: intelligent vehicle；architecture；key technology

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 论文研究的背景 1

1.2 论文研究的意义 1

1.3 论文研究的主要内容 1

第2章 智能交通和智能车辆的基本理论 3

2.1 智能交通的基本理论 3

2.2 智能车辆的基本理论 4

第3章 国内外智能车辆的发展近况 6

3.1 国外智能车辆的发展现状 7

3.2 国内智能车辆的发展现状 7

第4章 智能车辆体系结构研究 9

4.1 构建智能车辆体系结构的必要性 9

4.2 智能车辆体系结构分析 9

4.2.1 信号输入层 11

4.2.2 控制协调层 11

4.2.3 执行操纵层 12

4.3 基于智能车辆体系结构的系统实现 12

4.3.1 道路信息采集系统 13

4.3.2 智能车辆控制系统 14

4.3.3 智能车辆人车交互系统 16

4.3.4 智能车辆通信系统 18

4.4 本章小结 19

第5章 智能车辆关键技术分析 21

5.1 车载传感技术 21

5.1.1 车载传感器的分类 21

5.1.2 车载传感器的特点 21

5.1.3 车载传感技术在我国的应用与发展 22

5.2 智能车辆策略控制技术 23

5.2.1 模糊控制技术 23

5.2.2 神经网络控制技术 24

5.2.3 我国智能车辆控制策略技术的近况 26

5.3 智能车辆现代化通信技术 26

5.3.1 车辆局域网络技术 27

5.3.2 车辆自组织网络技术 28

5.3.3 我国智能车辆现代化通信技术的发展近况 29

第6章 智能车辆发展中存在的问题和解决对策 31

6.1 智能车辆发展中存在的问题 31

6.2 解决对策 32

第7章 总结与展望 34

7.1 研究结论 34

7.2 研究展望 34

7.3 结束语 35

参考文献 36

致 谢 37

第1章 绪论

1.1 论文研究的背景

汽车作为工业革命的重要产物，一直对人类生活产生着重要的影响，随着网络技术，传感技术等先进技术的不断成熟和发展，智能车辆已经成为了人们越来越关注的焦点。它的发展对日后智能交通系统的不断进步有着重要的推动作用。从世界范围内来看，各国有关方面都已经开始了对智能车辆基本理论，体系结构，技术应用等方面进行研究和探讨。我国也在2015年提出了《中国制造2025》强国战略，在汽车制造发展方面重点强调了掌握汽车智能化核心技术的重要性。由此可见，对智能车辆的深入研究和探讨已经到了势在必行的阶段。

1.2 论文研究的意义