摘 要

近几年我国汽车行业发展迅速，汽车向高端化、舒适化方向发展的趋势越来越明显，同时汽车的振动与噪声的问题越来越突出。阻尼材料作为减振降噪的材料可以有效解决汽车中震动和噪音的问题，因此在汽车中得到了广泛的应用。

本文通过研究阻尼材料在汽车行业的发展及应用，综述了六大主流国家阻尼材料的发展现状，分析了各国阻尼材料发展趋势，为阻尼材料的进一步研究提供一定思路。首先，结合阻尼材料的基本概念，阐述了阻尼材料的分类、原理、在各领域的应用情况。其次，综述了国内外阻尼材料的研究情况，通过专利和科技文献检索、资料整理，对比了国内外各国阻尼材料的发展趋势、研发水平以及发展速度，阐述了各国阻尼材料的具体研究情况，并对阻尼材料的整体研发现状以及阻尼材料的发展趋势进行分析。再次，综述了国内外阻尼材料在汽车行业的应用情况，通过专利和科技文献检索、资料整理，对比了国内外各国阻尼材料在汽车行业的发展趋势、研究水平以及发展速度，阐述了各国阻尼材料在汽车行业的具体应用情况，并对阻尼材料在汽车行业的整体应用情况以及阻尼材料在汽车行业的发展趋势进行分析。最后，根据数据分析结果，对国内阻尼材料发展过程中存在的问题以及未来我国阻尼材料发展的方向提出了自己的看法。

研究成果表明：在阻尼材料的研究方面，近五年我国对阻尼材料的研究处于快速发展阶段，研究速度明显高于美国、日本等发达国家；在阻尼材料在汽车行业的应用方面，我国阻尼材料在汽车行业的应用水平较低，与发达国家差距明显。以高分子阻尼材料为例，国内汽车90%以上使用的高分子阻尼材料为沥青型阻尼材料，国外已经开始将无沥青阻尼材料应用于汽车；在阻尼材料发展趋势方面，高阻尼性、高阻尼温域、环境友好、可回收是阻尼材料的发展趋势，结构-功能一体化是未来阻尼材料的重点发展方向。提高材料的阻尼性能是有效实现汽车减振降噪的方法。高阻尼温域可以扩大阻尼材料在汽车行业的适用范围，减少材料使用的约束条件。环境友好、可回收符合当前国内环境保护政策。

本文的特色在于：运用统计学方法，对主流国家与阻尼材料相关的专利数据和主流国家与汽车行业相关的阻尼材料的专利数据进行检索。使用较为专业的分析方法对阻尼材料的研究情况和阻尼材料在汽车行业的应用情况进行分析，探究各国阻尼材料的研究水平的差距与研究侧重方向的不同。本文分析的专利数据覆盖范围较广，对世界上主要国家的三种阻尼材料进行了分析，对世界汽车行业阻尼材料的发展趋势进行了研究，对我国汽车行业阻尼材料的发展方向有一定借鉴意义。

关键词：阻尼材料；汽车行业；专利检索

Abstract

With the rapid development of the automotive industry in China, cars have become more and more high-end and comfortable. Meanwhile, problems regarding vibration and noise have been increasingly more prominent. Damping materials, used for vibration and noise reduction, are effective for solving the above problems, so they are widely employed in cars.

By studying the development and application of damping materials in the automotive industry, this paper summarized development status of these materials in top six mainstream countries and analyzed their development tendencies in these countries, aiming at offering some ideas for further research about the materials. First of all, classification, principles, and application of damping materials in different fields were elaborated based on basic concepts of these materials. Secondly, research status of damping materials home and abroad was summarized. By retrieving patents, consulting literature of sciences and technologies, and sorting out materials, this paper compared development trends, research status and development speed of damping materials home and abroad. Specific research situation of damping materials in different countries was discussed. Besides, general research status and development trends of damping materials were analyzed. At last, personal opinions concerning problems with development of damping materials and their development trend in China were proposed according to results of data analysis.

The research results suggested that China has been in a stage of fast development in research on damping materials over the past five years and studied these materials at a much faster pace than developed countries such as the United States and Japan. However, its application of these materials in cars was relatively backward and far lags behind developed countries. For instance, more than 90% of polymer-based damping materials used in Chinese cars are bituminous. In contrast, foreign countries have tried applying asphalt-free damping materials in cars. As regards their development tendencies, damping materials tended to be resistant to high temperature, environment-friendly and recyclable with excellent damping performances. In particular, structures and functions of damping materials will be integrated, which will be a major development of these materials. It is helpful for reducing vibration and noise of cars by improving damping performances of these materials. If they are resistant to high temperature, damping materials will be more applicable in the automobile industry and their application will be restricted to a lesser extent. It is in line with current domestic environmental protection policies to make damping materials environment-friendly and renewable.

The characteristics of this paper consist in its statistical retrieval of mainstream countries’ patents about damping materials and the application of these materials in the automotive industry. In this paper, research status of damping materials and their application in the automotive industry are analyzed by relatively professional methods, to find out countries’ gaps in research level of these materials and differences in their research focuses. Covering a wide range of data about related patents, this paper analyzes three categories of damping materials in some leading countries and explores development trends of these materials in the global automotive industry, so it is somewhat useful for being used as references by China in developing damping materials for the automotive industry.

Key words: Damping materials; Automotive industry; Patent retrieval

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究的背景 1

1.2课题研究的意义 1

1.3课题研究的现状 1

1.4研究的主要内容 3

第2章 阻尼材料的基本概念 4

2.1阻尼和阻尼材料的定义 4

2.2阻尼材料的分类 4

2.3阻尼材料的工作原理 5

2.4阻尼材料的使用情况 6

2.5本章小结 8

第3章 阻尼材料的研究进展 9

3.1国外阻尼材料的研究情况 9

3.1.1金属阻尼材料的研究情况 9

3.1.2高分子阻尼材料的研究情况 11

3.1.3复合阻尼材料的研究情况 13

3.2国内阻尼材料的研究情况 14

3.2.1金属阻尼材料的研究情况表 14

3.2.2高分子阻尼材料的研究情况 16

3.2.3复合阻尼材料的研究情况 17

3.3国内外各国阻尼材料研发现状对比 18

3.4阻尼材料发展趋势分析 20

3.4.1各国阻尼材料发展趋势分析 20

3.4.2阻尼材料在世界上的整体发展趋势分析 25

3.5本章小结 26

第4章 阻尼材料的应用进展 27

4.1国外阻尼材料在汽车上的应用情况 27

4.1.1金属阻尼材料在汽车上的应用情况 27

4.1.2高分子阻尼材料在汽车上的应用情况 29

4.1.3复合阻尼材料在汽车上的应用情况 31

4.2国内阻尼材料在汽车行业应用情况 32

4.2.1金属阻尼材料的在汽车行业应用情况 32

4.2.2高分子阻尼材料在汽车行业应用情况 34

4.2.3复合阻尼材料在汽车行业应用情况 35

4.3国内外各国阻尼材料在汽车行业使用现状对比 36