摘 要

随着我国汽车保有量的迅速增长，汽车的报废量也大幅增加，这意味着我国已经开始进入汽车报废的高峰期，与报废汽车有关的安全、资源和环境保护等方面的问题受到大家的关注，如何合理高效的进行报废汽车回收拆解是我国汽车行业需要重点关注的问题。

本文主要研究了我国报废汽车回收拆解产业现状及未来发展趋势。首先，对我国报废汽车回收拆解的基本原理与流程进行了陈述，然后阐述了我国报废汽车回收拆解产业的发展现状，并对我国未来五年汽车的保有量和报废量进行了预测分析，通过数据来进行理论支持，紧接着分析了我国报废汽车回收拆解产业的盈利模式，其次指出了我国报废汽车回收拆解产业发展过程中面临的问题，最后对我国报废汽车回收拆解产业未来的发展趋势进行了分析，并提出了促进我国报废汽车回收拆解产业发展的建议。

研究成果表明：我国报废汽车回收拆解产业已迎来发展高峰期，而拆解工艺落后、盈利能力差、市场不良竞争严重是报废汽车回收拆解产业目前存在的主要问题；同时根据预测分析的结果，我国未来五年每年会有800至1000万辆的汽车需要进行报废处理，因此从整个产业的角度来看，我国必须建立完善的市场监管机制，对非法进行报废汽车拆解的企业进行严厉打击，加大处罚力度，从源头上进行铲除；同时建立起汽车生产者责任延伸制度并加大对公众的宣传力度，使汽车生产商选择合适的原材料，使消费者意识到通过合法渠道进行报废汽车回收处理的重要性。从报废汽车回收拆解企业的角度看，它们必须引进先进的设备，对员工进行专业化培训，从而使自己的拆解水平能满足产业发展的需要。未来我国报废汽车回收拆解企业的数量会大幅增加，市场竞争也会更加激烈。

关键词：报废汽车；汽车回收拆解，拆解产业

Abstract

With the rapid growth car ownership in China, the amount of scrapped cars has also increased significantly, which means that China has begun to enter the peak period of car scrapping. The safety, resources and environmental protection issues related to scrapped cars have attracted everyone's attention. Therefore, how to reasonably and efficiently carry out recycling and dismantling of end-of-life vehicles is a problem that China's auto industry needs to focus on.

This thesis mainly studies the current situation and future development trend of China's scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling industry. First of all, the basic principles and processes of the recycling and dismantling of scrapped cars in China are described, and then the development status of the recycling and dismantling industry of scrapped cars in China is elaborated. Predicted and analyzed the number of car ownership and scrap in China in the next five years, and used data to provide theoretical support. Analyze the profit model of China's scrap car recycling and dismantling industry, and then point out the problems faced by China's scrap car recycling and dismantling industry in the development process. Finally, the future development trend of China's scrap car recycling and dismantling industry is analyzed, and suggestions are made to promote the development of China's scrap car recycling and dismantling industry.

The research results show that China's scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling industry has ushered in a peak period of development; backward dismantling technology, poor profitability, and severe market competition are the main problems currently existing in the scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling industry. As a result, China will have 8 to 10 million vehicles to be scrapped every year in the next five years. Therefore, China must establish a perfect market supervision mechanism to severely crack down on companies that illegally dismantle scrapped cars and increase penalties. Establish an extended responsibility system for auto producers and increase publicity to the public to enable auto manufacturers to select suitable raw materials and make consumers aware of the importance of recycling scrapped vehicles through legal channels. Scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling enterprises must introduce advanced equipment and provide professional training for employees, so that their dismantling level can meet the needs of industrial development. In the future, the number of scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling enterprises in China will increase significantly, and market competition will become more intense.

Key words: Automobiles；Car recycling and dismantling；Dismantling industry

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究的背景 1

1.2课题研究的意义 1

1.3课题研究的主要内容 2

第2章 我国报废汽车回收拆解基本原理和流程 3

2.1报废汽车回收拆解基本原理 3

2.2报废汽车回收拆解流程 4

2.2.1回收环节 4

2.2.2拆解环节 5

2.2.3破碎环节 5

2.2.4再利用环节 6

第3章 国内外报废汽车回收拆解产业发展现状及未来预测 7

3.1中国关于报废汽车主要法规及要求 7

3.1.1主要法规 7

3.1.2使用年限和行驶里程要求 9

3.2中国报废汽车回收拆解产业现状 10

3.2.1回收拆解产业发展空间大 10

3.2.2回收数量增长不稳定 11

3.2.3回收拆解产业规模较小 12

3.2.4拆解企业数量增幅较小 12

3.2.5报废汽车回收率低 13

3.3美国报废汽车回收拆解产业现状 13

3.4日本报废汽车回收拆解产业现状 13

3.5中国未来五年汽车保有量预测 15

3.5.1预测方法 15

3.5.2保有量预测 15

3.5.3报废量预测 18

第4章 我国报废汽车回收拆解产业盈利模式和现存问题 19

4.1盈利模式 19

4.2现存问题 19

4.2.1拆解工艺落后，盈利能力差 19

4.2.2企业过分依赖于废钢铁销售 20

4.2.3黑车市场非法竞争以及二手车市场影响 20

4.2.4补贴政策力度不足 21

4.2.5社会认知度不够高 21

第5章 结论 23

5.1未来发展趋势分析 23

5.2对策与建议 24

5.2.1提高企业总体技术水平 24

5.2.2严厉打击非法拆解企业 24

5.2.3实行汽车生产者责任延伸制度 25

5.2.4建立合理的激励制度 25

5.2.5提高社会认知度 26

5.3研究不足与展望 26

参考文献 27

致 谢 29

绪论

1.1课题研究的背景

截至2019年我国的汽车保有量已达到了2.6亿辆，这意味着我国的汽车报废迎来了高峰期，这也给我国的报废汽车回收拆解产业创造了巨大的发展空间。汽车产业在国家的经济发展过程中起着至关重要的作用，而汽车报废则是汽车产业中很重要的一个环节，报废汽车回收拆解与我们的日常生活紧密相连，进行合理、高效的报废汽车回收拆解也是汽车产业必须承担的社会责任。

报废汽车回收拆解与再利用最先是从汽车消费者这一端作为起点，最后在回收拆解企业这里结束，报废汽车回收拆解的四个环节是：回收、拆解、破碎、再利用^[1]。但目前我国报废汽车回收拆解产业盈利水平较低，经营能力较弱，存在着种种问题。因此在我国的汽车保有量日渐增加的基础上，合理、高效的进行报废汽车回收拆解是我国汽车产业必须要面对的选择。