摘 要

当在开始对隧道施工时，涌水量的大小导致施工能否安全的进行，如何才能精确的控制隧道的涌水量是所有设计者最为关心的问题。隧道涌水量的大小受各种各样的因素影响，包括岩性、岩体结构、构造等。因此对地层中的岩体的结构、渗透性的研究有利于隧道的实际施工。在各个国家的隧道这几中，对隧道用水量的处理都十分的严禁。因为，涌水量是隧道施工与生产使用过程中最为严重的灾害事故。由于设计技术、施工机械设备的日益更新，大型隧道甚至是特长、大埋深的越岭隧道的设计要求的出现，让这个问题就变得更加急切的需要解决了。

在隧洞施工过程中主要常见的地质灾害就是涌水灾害，涌、突水通常会给工程施工中带来许多人员和设备灾害，可能导致重大的事故灾害，最后会导致停工，最后会导致工程延误。本篇论文的主要任务是研究锦屏山地区的地质资料，考核金平山地区的降水量与蒸发量的统计量。在相关的的地区研究相关的岩溶空隙，由此来断定地下水的流动方向和地下水的聚集方位，由此来计算出相关的涌水量。本文的主要任务是要计算引水洞的涌水量。通过对锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞的涌水量预测所积累的经验，可为类似工程提供有益的借鉴。

本篇论文主要任务就是对锦屏二级水电站引水隧道进行涌水预测时，在预测过程中总结出来了好多种涌水预测的方法。其中主要的方法有：水文地质类比法，数值法，解析法，水均衡法等主要的确定性数学模型法和黑箱理论法，灰色系统理论法，时间序列分析法等主要的随机性数学模型法。本文对这些方法进行一些解释和说明。除此之外，还要结合实际状况对一些参数进行了更正，以此来精确的计算出隧道的涌水量。最后，对比预测结果和实验的观测值，选择最为精确的方法。

在进行涌水量预测的过程中最为注意，锦屏二级水电站地势西北高东南低。沿江两岸的地势起伏不定，高度差距也极其大，正因为地势起伏，从而形成了高山峡谷的地形地貌，为引水隧洞组的建设和施工带来了巨大的影响。正因为这样的情况，我们对锦屏山地区的地形地貌情况就更加的了解，在预测引水隧洞的涌水量的时候，就能够很方便的使用水文地质类比法和水均衡法。因为有足够多的资料，在采用比拟法的时候就能够很方便的计算出辅助洞的相关的涌水量，这给预测引水隧洞涌水量带来了很大的便利。

关键字：岩溶隧道；锦屏二级水电站；引水隧道；涌水量预测

Abstract

When at the beginning of the tunnel construction, the size of the water inflow has led to the construction can be safe, how can accurately control the tunnel water inflow is most concerned about the issue for all designers. Size of water inflow into the tunnel by a variety of factors, including lithology, rock structure, construction and the like. Therefore, the formation of the structure of the rock mass, the permeability of research in favor of the actual construction of the tunnel. In each country these tunnels, the tunnel water treatment are very prohibited. Because the inflow tunnel construction and production process of using the most serious disasters. Due to the design technology, construction machinery and equipment increasingly updates, and even expertise large tunnel, there uphill tunnel design requires a large depth, so the problem becomes more urgent need to solve.

In the tunnel construction process is the main common geological disasters gushing disaster, Chung, inrush of water will usually bring a lot of construction in disaster personnel and equipment, may lead to a major accident hazards, will eventually lead to downtime, will eventually lead to project delays. This paper mainly research activities characteristic Jinping hydropower diversion tunnel and groundwater upwelling, water inrush cases, a combination Jinping hydropower diversion tunnel comprises four headrace tunnel, two auxiliary holes and construction of a drainage hole, tunnel the overall length of about 118 km, and a large depth, hole length, hole diameter large, very complex engineering geological conditions in the construction process will encounter difficulties in wiring. The main task of this paper is to calculate the inflow of water diversion tunnel. Through experience Jinping hydropower diversion tunnel water inflow forecasting accumulated, it can provide useful lessons for similar projects.

When this paper is the main task of the Jinping II hydropower station diversion tunnel gushing prediction, the prediction process are summarized in a good variety of water gushing out of the prediction method. The main methods are: hydrogeological analogy, numerical method, analytical method, water balance method and other major deterministic mathematical model and method black box theory, gray system theory method, time series analysis and other major stochastic mathematical model method . In this paper, some of these methods are explained and illustrated. In addition, but also with the actual situation of some of the parameters are correct, in order to accurately calculate the inflow tunnel. Finally, the comparison of predicted results and experimental observations, select the most accurate method.

Prediction of water inflow during the course of the most attention, Jinping Hydropower Station terrain northwest to southeast. Yalong River is a river system in the area, forming a northward bulge of the river bend. Ups and downs along the sides of the terrain, the height gap is extremely large because of undulating terrain, thus forming the topography of mountains and canyons, building and construction for the diversion tunnel group brought a huge impact. Because of this situation, we topography situation Jinpingshan areas is even more understanding, prediction of water inflow in the diversion tunnel of time, will be able to easily use analogy and hydrogeological water balance method. Because there are more than enough information, the use of analogy in law when it is possible to easily calculate the associated auxiliary water inflow hole, which is forecast to diversion tunnel water inflow has brought great convenience.

Key Words：Karst tunnel； Jinping II hydropower station；Diversion Tunnel；Estimation of water-gushing amount

目 录

1 绪 论 3

1.1研究意义 3

1.2国内外研究现状 4

1.2.1岩溶区地下水分布情况的研究现状 4

1.2.2岩溶区隧道涌水预测的研究现状 5

1.2.3技术路线 8

2 岩溶地区隧道预测方法研究 9

2.1岩溶区地下水分布的类型 9

2.1.1地下水分类 9

2.1.2地下水分布特征 10

2.1.3地下水的补给、径流和排泄条件及特征 11

2.2隧道涌水量预测方法 12

2.2.1隧道涌水量预测方法分类 12

2.2.2常用的涌水量预测方法 14

2.3岩溶区涌水量预测方法的比较 21

3 锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞涌水量预测 23

3.1工程概况 23

3.1.1工程地质情况 23

3.1.2水文地质条件 24

3.2地下水活动特点及分布规律 25

3.2.1长探洞涌水情况及涌水点统计分析 25

3.2.2长探洞涌水特征及其规律 25

3.2.2.1出水构造统计规律 25

3.2.2.2长探洞涌水情况及特点 26

3.2.2.3涌水动态 28

3.2.2.4长探洞含水单元划分 28

3.2.3辅助洞涌水情况 29

3.2.3.1工程概况 29

3.2.3.2辅助洞东端 29

3.2.3.3辅助洞西端 30

3.2.4引水隧洞地下水活动特点和出水结构规律 31

3.2.4.1工程概况 31

3.2.4.2出水构造规律 33

3.3引水洞的涌水量预测 33

3.3.1水文地质类比法 33