论文总字数：21472字

摘 要

随着我国工程建设的发展，测绘工程一直是工程测量的重要组成部分，是相关行业的重要内容。目前，时代信息技术发展迅速，我国的测绘工程测量及精度要求也越来越严格，对于传统测量已经达不到相关工程的需求。基于此，为了工程测量能够高效率、高水平的工作，无人机逐渐广泛应用于工程测量领域。无人机技术设备达到了新时代信息技术的标准，不仅促进了工程测量的工作质量以及效率，测量精度也得到了一定的提升，为测绘工程的未来发展奠定了一定基础。

无人机摄影测量技术通过无人机搭载传感器设备，作业人员使用电脑端进行远程控制其在作业区域进行测量拍摄，并通过计算机对获取的数据进行处理制作测量工程所需的数字产品，成为了测量工程中方便快捷的有效手段。

近年来，无人机航空摄影技术在测绘工程的各大领域取得了不少成果，涉及到的无人机三维实景建模、遥感技术以及GPS技术等得到了突破，已基本达到国家测量规范标准。但技术还尚未完善，还需要更高的技术要求，精度还有待进一步完善。如今此技术已成为我国解决矿山监测、城市规划等测量领域的必要手段。本文论述了无人机航空摄影技术在矿山测量、水利水电以及地形图的制作中的应用，经过具体的工作流程，最终精度已达到国家要求，符合国家的测量规范。

无人机测量存在较多的局限性，环境因素最为明显，这也影响了工程测量的工作效率。这就需要当今时代科技的发展，不断研究无人机并提升技术水平，在将来有待考察。

关键词：无人机航空摄影技术 工程测量 三维建模 矿山测量 水利水电

Based on the application of UAV in engineering survey

Abstract

With the development of engineering construction in China, surveying and mapping engineering has always been an important part of engineering investigation, and also an important content of related industries. At present, with the rapid development of information technology era, the surveying and mapping engineering in China has more and more strict requirements on measurement and precision.The traditional survey has not reached the demand of related projects. Based on this, in order for engineering survey to work with high efficiency and high level, drones are gradually widely used in the field of engineering survey. The emergence of uav photogrammetry is a technological leap in the new field of surveying and mapping engineering.The technical equipment has reached the standards of the new era of information technology, which not only promotes the quality and efficiency of engineering surveying work, but also improves the measurement accuracy .Laid a certain foundation for the future development of surveying and mapping engineering.

The drone photogrammetry technology is equipped with sensor equipment on the drone. The operator uses the computer to remotely control the measurement and shooting in the work area, and processes the acquired data through the computer to make the digital product required for the measurement project. Convenient and effective means in measurement engineering.

In recent years, UAV aerial photography technology has made many achievements in various fields of surveying and mapping engineering, involving breakthroughs in UAV 3D real-world modeling, remote sensing technology and GPS technology, which have basically reached the national measurement standard . However, the technology is not yet perfect, and higher technical requirements are needed, and the accuracy needs to be further improved. Today, this technology has

become a necessary means for my country to solve the measurement fields such as mine monitoring and urban planning. This article discusses the application of UAV aerial photography technology in mine surveying, water conservancy and hydropower and topographic map production. After a specific work process, the final accuracy has reached the national requirements and meets the national measurement specifications.

UAV measurement has many limitations, and environmental factors are the most obvious, which also affects the efficiency of engineering measurement. This requires the development of science and technology in the current era, constantly researching drones and improving the technical level, which will be investigated in the future.

Key Words: UAV aerial photography technology; Engineering survey; 3D modeling; Mine survey; Water Resources and Hydropower

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………… II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.3研究内容 3

第二章 无人机测绘的原理及关键技术 5

2.1无人机遥感技术简介 5

2.2无人机遥感技术原理 6

2.3无人机测绘的关键技术 7

2.3.1像控点的布测 7

2.3.2数据预处理 9

2.3.3空中三角测量 10

2.3.4影像匹配和融合 12

2.3.5三维实景建模 13

第三章 无人机在工程测量中的应用 15

3.1无人机在水利水电工程的应用 15

3.2无人机在矿山的应用 18

3.3无人机地形图测绘的应用 20

3.4 无人机在测绘工程中的局限性 24

第四章 展望与结论 26

4.1结论 26

4.2展望 26

参考文献………………………………………………………………………… 28

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………30

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景与意义

传统测绘的主要方法有经纬仪、全站仪、GNSS^[1]。随着测绘技术的创新发展，卫星遥感、3D激光扫描和无人机等新技术逐渐步入了科学研制的视野。在工程测量领域中，采集数据的主要方法是在现场使用全站仪和GNSS来获取地面目标点的坐标数据。这种工作模式效率低、成本高且缺乏空间的连贯性。而且，由于仪器易受地形因素限制，在一些区域难以工作，并且如果没有测量员的到来，就无法获得测量区域，若遇到地势严峻，环境恶劣的区域，这些仪器更加难以测量。

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