论文总字数：23964字

摘 要

随着地理信息系统的飞速发展，数字高程模型已经成为空间信息系统的一个重要组成部分，并且也是工程建设、战场环境仿真等许多领域最为重要的基础数据之一。因此，如何建立DEM模型和如何评价DEM模型的质量，是DEM模型构建方法研究的主要内容，DEM的建立具有十分重要的理论意义和应用价值。

本文首先概述了DEM模型构建方法研究的意义，分析了国内外研究的现状以及列举了一些DEM模型的具体应用，并系统阐述了DEM模型的含义、表示方法和表示模型。然后进一步描述了规则格网模型、等高线模型和不规则三角网模型的主要内容，并将这三者进行了比较，也介绍了这三种模型之间相互转换的方法。同时，基于MATLAB实现了TIN的建立。接着，采用Cass9.0和ArcGis10.2软件进行DEM模型实例的建立。本文也进一步研究了DEM模型质量评定的方法，并运用等高线回放法结合实例进行了分析。最后，总结了全文并提出了论文需要更加深入的问题。

关键词：数字高程模型 规则格网 不规则三角网 等高线

Research on the method of Digital Elevation Model

Abstract

With the rapid development of geographic information systems, digital elevation models have become an important part of the spatial information system, and also the basis of one of the many areas of construction, the most important battlefield environment simulation data. Therefore, how to build and how to evaluate the quality of the digital elevation model , the construction method of digital elevation model is the main content, establishing DEM has theoretical significance and its application value is very important.

This paper outlines the significance of constructing digital elevation model, it analyzes the current domestic and international research and lists some specific applications digital elevation model, and expounds the meaning of the digital elevation model representation and representation model. Then further describes the rules grid model, contour line model and the main content TIN models, and these three were compared, also introduced mutual conversion between these three models approach. At the same time, based on Matlab realize the establishment of the TIN. Then, using software cass9.0 and arcgis10.2 to build digital elevation model instance. This paper further studies DEM of quality assessment methods, and the use of contour playback method were analyzed with examples. Finally, concluding remarks and outlook.

Key Words：Digital Elevation Model;Regular Grid;TIN;Contour

目 录

摘要..............................................................Ⅰ

ABSTRACT ......................................................Ⅱ

目录..............................................................Ⅲ

第一章 绪论.......................................................1

1.1研究的目的和意义............................................1

1.2国内外研究现状和发展动态....................................1

1.3 DEM的应用..................................................3

1.3.1科学研究方面...........................................3

1.3.2商业应用...............................................3

1.3.3工业、工程应用.........................................3

1.3.4管理应用...............................................3

1.3.5军事应用...............................................3

1.4 主要的研究内容和拟要解决的问题..............................4

1.5 论文的组织结构..............................................4

第二章 DEM模型...................................................6

2.1数字高程模型的含义..........................................6

2.2 DEM的表示方法..............................................6

2.2.1数学方法...............................................6

2.2.2图形方法...............................................6

2.3 DEM表示模型................................................7

2.4 DEM内插数学模型............................................7

2.4.1整体内插...............................................7

2.4.2局部分块内插...........................................8

2.4.3逐点内插法.............................................9

第三章 三种DEM模型的比较分析.................................10

3.1规则格网模型...............................................10

3.2等高线模型.................................................11

3.3不规则三角网模型...........................................11

3.4 三种模型的比较.............................................13

3.5 DEM模型之间相互转换的方法..................................13

3.5.1不规则点集生成TIN.....................................13

3.5.2格网DEM转成TIN.......................................14

3.5.3等高线转成格网DEM.....................................15

3.5.4利用格网DEM提取等高线.................................16

3.5.5 TIN转成格网DEM.......................................17

3.6 基于MATLAB实现TIN的设计..................................17

第四章 DEM实验建立分析.........................................18

4.1实验简介...................................................18

4.2实验流程图.................................................18

4.3 以CASS9.0软件实现DEM建立实验的具体过程...................19

4.4以ArcGis10.2软件实现DEM建立的具体过程.....................22

4.5在ArcGis10.2软件中实现不同模型之间的转换...................26

4.5.1不规则点集生成TIN.....................................26

4.5.2格网DEM转成TIN.......................................27

4.5.3等高线转成格网DEM.....................................27

4.5.4利用格网DEM提取等高线.................................28

4.5.5 TIN转成格网DEM........................................28

4.6 CASS9.0和ArcGis10.2建立DEM模型的比较.....................29

第五章 DEM模型质量评价.........................................30

5.1 DEM误差及误差源............................................30

5.2 DEM精度分析................................................30

5.2.1影响DEM精度的主要因素.................................30

5.2.2 DEM质量检查的内容.....................................30

5.3 DEM精度评定方法............................................31

第六章 总结与展望...............................................33

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