论文总字数：34297字

摘 要

济源市位于河南省西北部，黄河以北，拥有丰富的矿产资源，是一个以第二产业为主的城市，随着工业经济的发展，工业“三废”对周边环境的污染也越来越严重。本论文以某典型工业污染场地为研究区，对工业区周边的35组土壤、河流底泥、岩石的重金属（Cr、As、Rh、Mo、Cd、Pb）污染情况展开研究。应用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、潜在生态污染风险指数法、地积累指数法等四种评价方法对当地土壤重金属污染进行分级评价，并对比各评价方法的适用性；运用数理统计软件（SPSS）分析样品重金属组分的相关性，结合空间分布规律对污染进行溯源分析。分析结果表明：（1）从单因子指数法等污染评级来看，Pb元素的污染程度最高，单因子指数最高值为49.47，超过了土壤质量标准49倍。（2）研究区三类样品土壤、底泥、基岩中土壤类样品的重金属污染评级最严重，此类样品中（共17组）有6组被评为中度及以上等级的污染，占比35%；其次为河流底泥样品（共7组），有3组被评为中度及以上等级的污染，占比42%；污染程度最轻为基岩类样品，所有样品均为受到污染。（3）从相关性分析看来，Pb和As元素污染可能具有同源性（4）单因子指数采用的参比值和地积累指数法的不同，评价结果因此产生了差异；内梅罗指数法的计算是以单因子指数为基础的，所以在结论上大同小异；潜在生态污染指数法的参比值为毒性系数，因此结果也产生了些许不同。由于本研究区的土壤类型和重金属类别都较多，所以比较适用于探究本研究区污染程度的方法是内梅罗指数法和潜在生态污染指数法。但由于部分区域（尤其是工厂周围的区域）的重金属浓度过高，且存在其中一种重金属元素偏高的情况，所以应该针对性地通过生态污染指数法或者地积累指数法去评价分析，因为内梅罗指数法会夸大某因子的污染程度。

关键词：污染同源分析；土壤重金属污染；SPSS 数理分析软件；相关性

Abstract

Jiyuan City is affiliated to the northwestern part of Henan Province. It is located in the north of the Yellow River and has abundant mineral resources. It is a city dominated by the secondary industry. With the development of industrial production, the pollution of the industrial “three wastes” to the surrounding environment is also coming. This paper takes Jiyuan Industrial Zone as the research area, and takes 35 soil samples around the industrial zone as the research object. Combined with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) mathematical statistics software, it uses descriptive statistics and correlation analysis methods and applications. The single factor index method, the Nemero comprehensive index method, the ground accumulation index method, and the potential ecological pollution index method were used to analyze the heavy metal elements of Cr, As, Rh, Mo, Cd and Pb in all soils. The analysis results show that: (1) Is also a single factor evaluation method, the single factor index method can better evaluate the pollution degree of a factor, and the ground accumulation index method can better consider the influence of natural diAsenesis; (2) The only use single factor evaluation method can not achieve the purpose of this paper research, because many areas of the study area are mixed with several heavy metal elements; (3) Nemero index method can better comprehensively evaluate a soil as a whole, but some exAsgerated the role of high pollution factors; (4) The potential ecological pollution index method can more effectively evaluate the soil in terms of toxicity, and has a good guiding role in improving the ecological environment. After the analysis of the whole paper, the content of Pb, As, Cd and Cr exceeded the standard, and the pollution degree of Pb and As was the most serious, and Pb, As and Cd were all homologous factors. Through pollution source surveys, the main mode of industrial emissions is industrial dust deposition. Various evaluation methods also show that the soil surface is the most polluted, followed by river sediment.

Key words: pollution analysis; Soil heavy metal pollution; SPSS mathematical analysis software; The correlation

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1选题背景 1

1.2研究进展 2

1.2.1土壤重金属污染概况 2

1.2.2土壤污染评价方法 3

1.2.3数理统计方法在土壤污染分析中的应用 4

1.3研究内容及技术路线 4

1.3.1研究内容 4

1.3.2技术路线 5

第二章 研究区概况与污染源调查 6

2.1自然地理概况 6

2.2 地形地貌与水文地质条件 7

2.2.1地形地貌 7

2.2.2水文地质条件 7

2.2.3 地下水类型 7

2.2.4 地下水的径流与补给条件 8

2.3 污染调查 8

2.4 土壤样品各采样点的重金属浓度 9

第三章 土壤污染特征分析 12

3.1描述性统计 12

3.2本章小结 14

第四章 土壤污染分级评价 15

4.1单因子指数法 15

4.2 内梅罗指数法 19

4.3 地积累指数法 23

4.4 潜在生态污染指数法 26

4.6本章小结 30

第五章 污染物的同源性分析 32

5.1相关性分析 32

5.2相关性分析结果表述 32

5.3同源性分析 33

5.2本章小结 33

第六章 结论 35

参考文献 36

致谢 38

1. 绪论

1.1选题背景

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