基于STM32水位测量装置的电气设计毕业论文
2021-04-26 22:51:11
摘 要
中国是水资源比较贫乏的国家,近20年来,随着我国人口的不断增长,水资源需求量与日俱增,地表水难以维系庞大的人口需求。地表水的缺乏和污染使长期开采地下水成为人们获得生活用水和工业用水的另一个途径。对地下水的超量开采,使得部分地区出现了地下水位持续下降、地面塌陷、地裂缝、岩溶塌陷、土壤盐渍化等情况越来越严重。
地下水位的动态监测,可直接反映地下水的采集情况,监测数据为加强对水资源的管理,合理利用地下水提供了原始资料。目前国内很多地区采用传统式的水位监测仪器,人工进行放线采集地下水位的信息。费时费力,而且精度不高。应国内外目前发展的技术情况,精准、实时、智能、便捷的测量技术与方法是未来的发展趋势,传统的水位测量技术及装置无法满足当代人们对科技产品的需求。
本次设计研制一套基于STM32地下水位测量的电气装置,实现水位监测的自动化、智能化,在高精度、高稳定性的前提下实现水位数据的无线传输,取代了传统式的有线数据监测技术,使水位测量更加便捷。小巧的OLED显示屏在保证高可视度的情况下,实时显示数据信息,对数据的监测更加直观。本装置支持在线调试功能,用于测量前的水位校准,也可在线监测数据。本装置也有一定的监测报警功能,当环境温湿度无法满足装置的运行条件,为保证系统的正常运行,避免设备的损坏和产生不必要的损失,装置将会自动报警,起到“保护自我”的功能。同时,高精度的液位变送器和低转换误差的ADC转换电路,使得数据测量更加准确。
经过试验,本次设计的水位测量装置能够可靠运行,稳定性高,具有一定的应用价值。
关键词:地下水位测量,STM32,无线通信,OLED显示,液位变送器
Abstract
China is a country with relatively poor water resources. Over the past 20 years, with the increasing population of our country, the demand for water resources is increasing, and the surface water is difficult to maintain the huge population demand.The lack of surface water and pollution make long-term exploiting groundwater a way for people to access domestic and industrial water.Due to the sharp increase in industrial and agricultural water consumption, over-exploitation is increasing without reduction.This dependence on groundwater made the groundwater level of some areas continues to decline and caused the phenomenon of ground subsidence, ground fissures, karst collapse, soil salinization and so on.
Dynamic monitoring of groundwater level can directly reflect the collection of groundwater, monitoring data can provide the original information of the management of water resource and rational use of groundwater.At present, many parts of our country use the traditional water level monitoring equipment,people discharge line artificially to collect information on the groundwater level.Time-consuming and laborious,and the accuracy is not high.At present,precise, real-time, intelligent and convenient measurement technology and methods are the future development trend. The traditional water level measurement technology and devices can not meet the needs of contemporary people for technology products.
This design develops a set of electrical device of the groundwater level measurement based on STM32 to achieve water level monitoring automation, intelligent,under the premise of high precision, high stability to achieve water level data wireless transmission.It replaces the traditional wired data monitoring technology ,makes the water level measurement more convenient.Small OLED display ensures high visibility of display of real-time data information, the data monitoring is more intuitive.The device supports online commissioning for calibration of water level prior to measurement, as well as on-line monitoring data.The device also has a certain monitoring alarm function, when the ambient temperature and humidity can not meet the operating conditions of the device, in order to ensure the normal operation of the system ,to avoid damage to equipment and produce unnecessary losses, the device will alarm automatically, play a “self-protection” function.At the same time, high-precision level transmitter and low conversion error ADC conversion circuit, makes the data measurement more accurate.
After the test, the design of the water level measuring device can be reliable operation, high stability with a certain application value.
Keywords: groundwater level measurement, STM32, wireless communication, OLED display, level transmitter
目录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究的背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外地下水位测量研究现状及趋势 1
1.3 课题研究的主要内容 3
第二章 水位监测系统的原理分析与总体方案设计 4
2.1 系统的工作原理及总体设计方案 4
2.2 水位测量装置的器件选取 5
2.2.1 核心控制模块的选取 5
2.2.2 水位传感器及输出信号的选取 5
2.2.3 无线通信模块的选取 7
2.2.4 数据显示模块的选取 7
2.2.5 环境监测模块的选取 8
2.3 本章小结 9
第三章 地下水位测量装置的硬件设计 10
3.1地下水位测量终端硬件介绍 10
3.1.1 STM32控制模块硬件设计 10
3.1.2 OLED显示电路硬件设计 12
3.1.3 NRF24L01无线通信模块硬件设计 13
3.1.4 4-20mA直流采集电路及AD转换硬件设计 15
3.1.5 键盘电路硬件设计 18
3.1.6 报警电路硬件设计 19
3.1.7 USB接口硬件电路设计 19
3.1.8 环境监测电路硬件设计 20
3.2 本章小结 20
第四章 水位测量装置的软件设计 21
4.1 水位测量终端的软件设计 21
4.1.1 ADC转换软件设计 22
4.1.2 SPI无线通信软件设计 24
4.1.3 OLED显示软件设计 26
4.1.4 USART串口通信软件设计 28
4.1.5 按键模块软件设计 28
4.1.6 报警模块软件设计 29
4.1.7 DHT11通信软件设计 29
4.2 本章小结 30
第五章 水位监测系统的测试与运行 31
5.1 监测装置测试介绍 31
5.1.1 监测装置的系统性能 31
5.1.2 监测系统测试结果 32
5.2 本章小结 33
第六章 结论与展望 34
6.1 结论 34
6.2 展望 34
参考文献 35
附录 36
作者在攻读学士学位期间发表的学术论文及研究成果 50
致谢 51
- 绪论
- 课题研究的背景及意义
中国拥有2.83万亿立方米的水资源总量,位居世界第六位。但我国是一个人口大国,人均水资源占有量2200立方米,约为世界人均水平的1/4,而且南北方水资源分布不均,造成我国成为一个贫水国[1]。