摘 要

航运业作为自新世纪以来最为重要的海上运输手段，在本世纪取得了长足的发展，而船舶自动化技术能够实现节约能源、节省劳动力成本、方便海上行驶以及大大提高海上航行安全，这使得它在航运业中有着无可替代的作用。船舶应急传令钟系统是船舶控制系统中的一种传令装置，作用是建立驾驶室与机旁、集控室船员之间的通信联系，驾驶室能通过传令钟发送命令信息给机旁、集控室操纵人员，操作人员在获得命令信息后，根据驾驶室的指令做出相应的动作，来确保船舶能够安全平稳航行。本文采用单片机为主机，应用RS485总线通信设计并实现了一个船舶的应急传令钟系统，通过这个船舶应急传令钟系统，驾驶室的操作人员能够在驾驶过程中，向各个机舱的工作人员发送操作指令，各个机室的操作人员能够及时的得知驾驶室的状态，确保船舶安全高效的运行。

本文设计的船用应急传令钟系统，根据国家相关的法律法规以及相关行业规范所设计，可应用于实际情况。整个应急传令钟系统分为驾驶室、集控室和机旁三个部分，其中驾驶室与集控室构成一个传令钟组，驾驶室与机旁又构成另一传令钟组。驾驶室与集控室、驾驶室与机旁的传令钟由主机部分、按键部分和LED灯部分组成，传令钟的三个部分之间的通信应用的是RS485总线通信。同时加入一个220V/24V转换成5V的开关电源，实现对整个传令钟系统的正常稳定供电，能够确保在220V和24V的情况下，都保证传令钟系统不断电。

在仿真上，应用proteus软件，采用C语言进行开发和调试。在proteus中完成相关硬件部分的画图设计，将提前写好的程序写入到单片机当中，用主机部分的按键模拟驾驶舱的档位信息，从机部分的按键模拟机旁和集控室的档位信息，LED作为显示各个档位状态的装置，以此来模拟整个传令钟的工作状态，并通过蜂鸣器的报警和LED灯的闪烁来模拟应急状态下传令钟的报警功能。并且加入了主机部分显示的调光功能，使更个设计更显人性化，更加实用。

关键字：船舶应急传令钟系统；单片机；RS485总线；开关电源；LED灯调光

abstract

Shipping industry since the beginning of the new century as the most important sea transport means, in this century has made considerable development, and the marine automation technology to achieve energy saving, saving labor costs, convenient sea travel and greatly improve the safety of maritime navigation, which makes it plays an irreplaceable role in the shipping industry. Ship emergency telegraph system is ship control system of a messenger device, the role of a cab and machine side control communications between the crew room, the cab can by telegraph to send command information adjacent to the machine, centralized control room operators, the operators to obtain information of command, according to the instructions of the cab to make phase The action, to ensure that the ship can safely smooth sailing. This paper uses the monolithic as the host, using the RS485 bus communication design and implement of a ship emergency telegraph system, through the ship's emergency telegraph system, driving room operators can in the driving process, each cabin staff sends instructions to operation, each machine room operators can timely that state of the cab, to ensure the safety of the ship, the run.

Converted into application of communication between Herald and designed in this paper, the design of ship emergency telegraph system, according to the national related laws and regulations and relevant industry standards and can be applied to the actual situation. The emergency telegraph system is divided into the cab, set the control room and machine next to the three part, the driving chamber and the control chamber consists of a telegraph group, cab and machine next to constitute another telegraph group. Cab centralized control room, cab and machine next to the clock by the host part, the key part and LED lamp part composed of telegraph three parts is RS485 bus communication. While adding a 220V/24V 5V switch power supply, the The telegraph system can ensure the normal and stable power supply, in 220V and 24V, are guaranteed to telegraph system is not cut off.

In the simulation, the application of Proteus Software, using C language to develop and debug. Finish the drawing design of hardware in Proteus, the program will be written in advance written to the microcontroller, simulation of gear position information of the cockpit with the key part of the host, from machine part of the press key simulation machine and adjacent control room in the file information, such as a display device for various stalls state, in order to simulate the working state of the telegraph, and through the buzzer alarm and LED lights flashing to simulate state of emergency telegraph alarm function. And joined the host part of the display dimming function, which makes the design more Humanization, more practical.

Keywords: ship emergency telegraph system; single chip microcomputer; RS485 bus; switching power supply; LED lamp dimming

目录

摘要 I

abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1．1课题研究的背景和意义 1

1．2船舶传令钟系统的发展 1

1．3本文的主要工作 2

第2章 船舶传令钟系统的结构及功能设计 3

2.1船舶传令钟系统的组成 3

2.2船舶传令钟系统的总体功能 4

2.2.1状态显示功能 4

2.2.2应急报警功能 5

2.2.3调光功能 5

第3章 船舶传令钟系统的实现 5

3.1单片机的应用 5

3.2  总线通讯 6

3.2.2通信协议简介 8

3.3 系统硬件设计 10

3.3.1键盘输入模块 10

3.3.2 LED灯模块 10

3.3.3 RS485收发模块 11

3.3.4 电源转换模块 12

3.3.5 实际电路图 13

3.4 系统软件设计 14

3.4.1 通信协议设计 14

3.4.2主程序设计 16

3.4.3按键扫描程序设计 17

第4章 应急传令钟实现的结果 18

4.1显示功能 18

4.2调光功能 19

4.3应急报警功能 19

4.4仿真显示 20

第5章 总结 21

参考文献 22

附录A 24

附录B 30

附录C 34

附录D 35

附录E 36