摘 要

伴随着全球石油资源日益紧张以及世界各国对船舶节能减排方面愈加重视，同时国际海事组织自第59次环保会后开始将新船能效设计指数作为船舶验收的重要指标，这一举措更加促进了新能源代替不可再生能源成为船舶未来主要能源的趋势。而由新能源与混合动力船舶相结合所组成的多能源船舶，其节能减排上的优势在全球石油资源日益紧张的大背景下日益突显。同时诸如电池-超级电容等结构改进是提高多能源船舶能量管理策略效果的有效途径，有必要针对其动力结构开展研究。

本文针对船舶节能减排特性，以应用清洁的新能源发电来降低能耗-柴油发电机结构的改进-通过动态规划算法获得最优能量管理策略为顺序展开研究。首先，对含有新能源的多能源船舶能量流进行分析，并针对风光出力的随机性，在HOMER软件所生成的风光数据的基础上，建立日风光出力极端场景。其次，根据柴油发电机越接近其额定功率，其单位发电量油耗越小的特性，提出一种新型发电机组结构，即主-副发电机组结构，主发电机承担基础负荷，副发电机承担波动负荷，从而使功率大的主发电机始终处于高效工作区。同时，为挖掘该结构的节能潜力，将主-副发电机之间功率分配最优作为能量管理问题的目标之一，并通过动态规划求解能量管理问题获得最优能量管理策略，即获得多能源船舶的柴油发电机和蓄电池的最优功率输出序列。最后，分析不同风光出力场景下所获得的最优能量管理策略，且算例表明多能源船舶较柴电混合动力船舶在节能减排上效果更加显著，同时所提出的结构能够有效提高能量管理策略的效果。

关键词：多能源船舶；发电机组结构；能量管理；动态规划；场景分析

Abstract

With the increasing shortage of global oil resources and the increasing emphasis on ship energy conservation and emission reduction in the world, the International Maritime Organization has taken the new ship energy efficiency design index as an important indicator of ship acceptance since the 59th Environmental Protection Conference, which further promotes the new energy replacing non-renewable energy to become the main energy trend of ship in the future. The multi-energy ship, which is composed of renewable energy and hybrid ships, has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction under the background of increasingly tense global oil resources. At the same time, the structure improvement such as battery and super-capacitor is an effective way to improve the effect of energy management strategy.

Therefore, according to the characteristics of ship energy saving and emission reduction, related research can be studied in renewable energy, structure improvement and energy management strategy. Firstly, the energy flow of multi energy ship with new energy is analyzed, and according to the randomness of wind -solar power, based on the wind power data generated by Homer, the extreme scenario of wind -solar power is established. Secondly, according to the characteristics that the closer the diesel generator is to its rated power, the smaller the fuel consumption per unit of power generation, a new generator set structure is proposed, that is, the main generator bears the basic load and the auxiliary generator bears the fluctuating load, so that the main generator with high power is always in the efficient working area. At the same time, in order to tap the energy-saving potential of the structure, the optimal power distribution between the main generator and the auxiliary generator is regarded as one of the objectives of the energy management problem, and the optimal energy management strategy is obtained by solving the energy management problem through dynamic programming, that is, the optimal power output sequence of the diesel generator and the battery of the multi energy ship is obtained. Finally, the optimal energy management strategy obtained in different wind-solar power scenarios are analyzed. The example shows that the multi-energy ship has more significant effect on energy saving and emission reduction than the diesel-electric ship, and the proposed structure can effectively improve the effect of energy management strategy.

Keywords: multi-energy ship; generator set structure; energy management; dynamic programming; scenario analysis

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 主要研究内容 3

第2章 多能源船舶能量流建模与分析 4

2.1 船舶多能源系统建模 4

2.1.1 风机模型 4

2.1.2 光伏面板模型 5

2.1.3 柴油发电机模型 6

2.1.4 蓄电池模型 7

2.2 船舶多能源系统分析 8

2.2.1 风光出力随机性分析 8

2.2.2 能量流分析 12

2.3 本章小结 14

第3章 多能源船舶能量管理 15

3.1 多能源船舶能量管理模型 15

3.1.1 多能源船舶能量管理建模 15

3.1.2 状态变量、控制变量及其约束 16

3.2 动态规划算法 17

3.2.1 动态规划算法原理 17

3.2.2应用动态规划算法的可行性 17

3.2.3 动态规划能量管理问题的求解方法 17

3.3 本章小结 19

第4章 算例分析 20

4.1 多能源船舶能量管理模型的相关数据 20

4.2 MATLAB仿真结果分析 21

4.2.1 100kW单发电机动态规划结果 21

4.2.2 70kW 30kW主副发电机组动态规划结果 23

4.3 本章小结 23

第5章 总结与展望 24

致 谢 25

参考文献 26

第1章 绪论