摘 要

磁场信号可被用于舰船探测、定位、水中兵器引信的新目标场特征，对于舰船来说，有效地降低或消除自身的磁场特性才能降低舰船受到敌方水中磁引信兵器攻击的风险。消磁站可以为舰船提供较好的消磁工作，但随着我国国防的不断发展，海军建设的不断壮大，舰船吨位的不断提高，因此消磁站的消磁容量和消磁速度都必须尽快跟上海军在舰船消磁的需要。因此设计符合消磁站所需的更稳定的信号处理电路，提高磁场信息采集的精度和速度，完善消磁站信号传输系统的设计具有重要的意义。

本文结合舰船消磁站的实际功能和特殊的海上环境，选择Bartington公司的三轴磁通门传感器Mag-03系列探头作为检测输入，设计了适用于三轴磁通门传感器的后续模拟电路，比较了压控电压源二阶带通滤波器和多路负反馈有源二阶带通滤波器，分析了两者的滤波特性，最终选择了适用于系统的压控电压源二阶带通滤波电路，利用模拟开关芯片74HCT4066设计了检波整流电流，并通过在Proteus平台中仿真，最终得到和输入幅值成正比的直流输出，验证了模拟电路的可行性。

本文结合消磁站信号传输系统的安全性、经济性，提出了适合消磁站信号处理系统的总体设计方案。

关键词：消磁站；磁场测量；磁通门；Proteus仿真；信号传输系统

Abstract

Magnetic field signal can be used to detect, locate and it also become a new target characteristics of underwater weapon fuze. For ships, only by effectively reducing or eliminating their own magnetic field characteristics can ships reduce the risk of being attacked by underwater weapon of enemy's magnetic fuze. Degaussing station can provide better demagnetization work for ships. However, with the rapid development of China's national defense, the fast growth of naval construction, and the continuous increase of ship tonnage, the degaussing capacity and degaussing speed of the degaussing station must keep up with the needs of the navy on the ship's degaussing. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a more stable signal processing circuit for degaussing station, improve the accuracy and speed of magnetic field information acquisition, and improve the design of network transmission system for degaussing station.

In this paper, combining the actual function of the ship degaussing station and the special marine environment, the Mag-03 series probe of Bartington's three-axis fluxgate sensor was selected as the detection input, and a subsequent analog circuit suitable for the three-axis fluxgate sensor was designed. The voltage-controlled voltage source second-order band-pass filter and the multi-channel negative feedback active second-order band-pass filter are analyzed, and the filtering characteristics of the two are analyzed. Finally, the voltage-controlled voltage source second-order band-pass filter circuit suitable for the system is selected Using the analog switch chip 74HCT4066, the detection rectifier current is designed, and through simulation in the Proteus platform, a DC output proportional to the input amplitude is finally obtained, which verifies the feasibility of the analog circuit.

Also, in this paper, combined with the safety and economy of the degaussing station network transmission system, a signal network transmission system on the basis of the VI processing LabVIEW operating platform was designed, and a general design scheme suitable for the degaussing station signal network transmission system was proposed.

Key Words：degaussing stations；magnetic field measurement；fluxgate；Proteus simulation；signal transmission system

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究现状 2

1.3 研究内容 3

第2章 舰船磁场测试基本理论 4

2.1 舰船磁场特点 4

2.2 测磁方法概述 4

2.3 磁通门传感器原理 6

2.4 三分量磁通门测磁原理 8

第3章 测磁电路设计与仿真 10

3.1 测试系统总体方案 10

3.2 传感头激励电路设计与仿真 11

3.2.1 方波发生电路 11

3.2.2 功率放大电路 12

3.3 弱信号调制电路设计与仿真 13

3.3.1 带通滤波电路 13

3.3.2 检波整流电路 17

3.3.3 信号衰减电路 20

3.3.4 光耦隔离电路 20

3.3.5 降压电路 21

第4章 信号传输软硬件系统设计 24

4.1 信号传输系统硬件框架 24

4.2 下位机软件设计 24

4.3 上位机软件设计 25

第5章 结论与展望 27

参考文献 28

致谢 30

第1章 绪论

1.1 研究背景

舰船在海上航行时，由于特殊建造金属材料结构布局、推进系统、腐蚀和防腐、能源供给、机电设备等因素，会产生包括舰船磁场在内的各种舰船物理场^[1]。舰船磁场作为舰船航行中最重要的目标特性之一，随着磁场检测技术的不断发展，舰船隐身性能和水中兵器的引信设计受到很大影响。但是对于舰船磁场，目前的技术只能减弱而不能完全消除，所以磁场信号已逐渐成为代替声场、电场等用于舰船探测、定位、磁引信水中兵器的新目标特征，也是舰船水下通信的干扰源^[1,2]。

对于舰船来说，想要有效的降低被敌方磁性探测器探测到的概率，从而降低舰船受到敌方磁引信水中兵器攻击的风险，只能有效地降低或消除自身的磁场特性。所以，进行舰船磁防护才是应对水中磁引信兵器等磁性威胁最好的方法。对舰船磁场特征进行控制，提高舰船磁场隐身能力已经成为各国海军的迫切需求^[3]。此外，消磁还有利于提高军队的运行速度，所以对一个国家的海军来说，大到航母、水面舰艇，小到潜艇的定期消磁都是必不可少的。