论文总字数：32792字

摘 要

近年来，中国经济和社会的快速发展带动了对电力需求的急剧增长，这导致了电网建设步伐的不断加速。在我国的高压输变电站和电力设备越来越多，而且大容量电压等级的电力系统快速发展，电力系统可靠性和安全性等问题日益突出。供电部门投入了大量的人力和物力来进行不停电运行的研究。

但是关于变电站设备不停电运行的研究很少。主要原因是变电站结构紧凑，大型操作工具无法进入，同时难以确保工人具有足够的安全距离。在日常的变电站和输电线路中，当电流流动时，在周围空间中会产生磁场；当设备带电时，周围空间会产生电场。对于电力工作人员和居民将具有一定的安全隐患。因此，有必要加强对变电站用绝缘防护工具的研究，为从事电力工作的工人提供可靠的保护。

本课题在理解变电站结构和不停电运行基本原理的基础上，分析了变电站检修工作的特点和不足，了解了不停电作业的类型和相关要求，并且在学习研究国内外变电站电场研究的现状、绝缘屏障的基本原理和绝缘材料的影响因素的前提下，以母线电场为例，借助COMSOL仿真软件探究了绝缘屏障的效果及屏障的材料、高度、厚度、相对介电常数、面积大小以及形状对电场隔离效果的作用。寻找人体在不停电作用时的最佳防护屏障位置，并以电压互感器和电流互感器为例，分析了在母线电场和电力设备电场下人体不停电作业时不同位置放置屏障的绝缘效果。通过分析和仿真结果可知：在母线下放置隔离装置不仅降低了装置下方的电场值，而且改善了电场的畸变率。绝缘板参数不同，电场隔离效果也不同，文章以220kV母线为例，在隔离屏障下方的指定的空气域内在放置屏障后使电场畸变率从1.18下降到1.05以下。在进入电场时要缓慢垂臂进入，在文中所示位置中间电位作业时，隔离装置的最佳位置为离地3.6m处。在电压互感器和电流互感器旁作业时，在母线和电力设备之间放置隔离装置和在人体正上方放置隔离装置均可降低电场值。

关键词：不停电作业 绝缘屏障 母线电场 电力设备 电场隔离

Abstract

In recent years, the rapid development of China's economy and society has led to the rapid growth of power demand, which has led to the continuous acceleration of power grid construction. In China, there are more and more high-voltage transmission and transformation stations and power equipment, and the power system with large capacity and voltage level is developing rapidly. The problems of power system reliability and safety are increasingly prominent. The power supply department has invested a lot of manpower and material resources to carry out the research of uninterrupted operation.

However, there are few studies on the operation of substation equipment without power failure. The main reason is that the substation structure is compact, large-scale operation tools cannot enter, and it is difficult to ensure that workers have enough safety distance. In daily substations and transmission lines, when the current flows, there will be a magnetic field in the surrounding space; when the equipment is electrified, there will be an electric field in the surrounding space. There will be some potential safety hazards for power workers and residents. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the insulation protection tools used in substations, so as to provide reliable protection for workers engaged in power work.

Based on the understanding of the basic principles of the structure and uninterrupted operation of the substation, this paper analyzes the characteristics and shortcomings of the maintenance work of the substation, understands the types and relevant requirements of the uninterrupted operation, and studies the current situation of the research on the electric field of the substation at home and abroad, the basic principles of the insulation screen and the influencing factors of the insulation materials, taking the bus electric field as an example, with the help of COMSOL simulation software explores the effect of insulation barrier and the effect of barrier material, height, thickness, relative dielectric constant, area size and shape on electric field isolation effect. To find the best protective barrier position of human body under the action of uninterrupted power supply, and to take voltage transformer and current transformer as examples, analyze the insulation effect of placing barriers at different positions when human body works in the electric field of bus and power equipment. It can be seen from the analysis and simulation results that the isolation device placed under the bus not only reduces the electric field value under the device, but also improves the distortion rate of the electric field. In this paper, 220kV bus is taken as an example, the distortion rate of electric field is reduced from 1.18 to 1.05 after the barrier is placed in the designated air area under the barrier. When entering the

electric field, the arm should be lowered slowly, and the best position of the isolation device is 3.6m from the ground when the intermediate potential operation is conducted at the position shown in the paper. When working beside voltage transformer and current transformer, the electric field value can be reduced by placing isolation device between bus and power equipment and placing isolation device directly above human body.

Key words: uninterrupted operation, insulation, barrier, busbar, electric field, electric equip- ment, electric field isolation.

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 目的及意义 1

1.1.1 提高电力系统的供电可靠性 1

1.1.2 减少对人体的危害 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 3

1.2.1 电场分布测量研究 3

1.2.2 不停电作业与电力检修 4

1.2.3 工频电场有关标准 5

1.2.4 电场防护 6

第2章 理论分析与仿真软件介绍 8

2.1 研究的基本内容 8

2.2 研究的理论基础 8

2.2.1 电场分析 8

2.2.2 电场计算 9

2.2.3 绝缘屏障分析 11

2.3 研究的技术方案 11

2.4 COMSOL软件介绍 11

2.5 有限元计算理论 12

第3章 绝缘屏障效果仿真分析 14

3.1 母线电场分布 14

3.2屏障物理参数对电场隔离效果的影响 15

3.2.1绝缘板厚度对屏障效果的影响 16

3.2.2 绝缘板大小对屏障效果的影响 16

3.2.3 绝缘板形状对屏障效果的影响 17

3.2.4 绝缘板材料类型对屏障效果的影响 18

3.2.5 绝缘板高度对屏障效果的影响 19

3.3人体不停电作业的屏障最佳距离的探究 21

3.4 电气设备在母线电场下的隔离屏障 25

3.4.1 电压互感器 25

3.4.2 电流互感器 28

第4章 总结与展望 32

4.1 总结 32

4.2 展望 32

参考文献 33

致 谢 37

第1章 绪论

1.1 目的及意义

随着我国经济社会的快速发展，加快了电力系统建设的步伐，人们对于供电可靠性的要求日益提高。不停电作业作为一种能提高供电可靠性的作业方式，从1960年至1980年代初期，中国就开展了电力系统不停电作业的相关理论和试验研究。但是，由于操作方法不规范以及缺乏合适的安全防护设备，不停电作业事故时有发生^[1]。在过去的二十年中，我国在不停电作业领域取得了一定的成就，为现场配电业务制定了一系列规范性技术标准和操作准则^[2]-[3]。近些年来随着绝缘斗车和绝缘防护设备在电力系统中的引入和推广，它在不停电配电线路的发展中发挥了广泛的作用，线路不停电作业方面的研究应用得到极大的扩展。但是对于变电设备的不停电作业研究较少，主要是因为变电站各类设备布置紧凑，大型作业工器具无法进入，同时难以保证作业人员具有足够的安全距离。

电力系统在正常运行时，高压变电站的电场是受所有不停电设备的综合影响。站内设备很多，布局复杂，所以电场分布也是错综复杂。为了不停电作业时电力工作人员的安全，电场的防护也至关重要。变电站不停电作业的相关研究往往沿用线路不停电作业的规程准则，缺乏针对性，在作业时为了保证作业人员的安全距离而扩大停电范围，进而引起供电可靠性的降低，带来更大的经济损失。因此有必要针对性得开展变电站不停电作业相关研究。

1.1.1 提高电力系统的供电可靠性

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