论文总字数：30908字

摘 要

随着环境保护和节能减排要求的提高，电动汽车发展前景良好。但作为随机的非线性负荷，电动汽车大规模随机接入电网也会在加剧峰谷差距等方面对电网产生不利影响。此外，电动汽车的快速发展也要求对充电桩进行合理配置。最后，作为一种直流负荷，如果在现有交流配电网中加入直流部分，可以节省大量换流环节。因此，本文结合电动汽车调控策略，在交直流配电网中对充电桩进行优化配置。主要研究内容如下：

首先，本文介绍了对电动汽车充电行为产生影响的主要因素，并基于蒙特卡洛方法生成随机数，建立电动汽车的无序充电模型，并对电动汽车无序充电时对电网产生的不利影响进行分析。

其次，建立了交直流配电网各组成部分的数学模型，对基于牛顿拉夫逊法的直流配电网潮流计算方法进行介绍，推导出雅可比矩阵各元素。并简单介绍了现有的交直流混合配电网潮流计算方法和步骤。

再次，针对第二章电动汽车无序充电对电网的不利影响，基于峰谷分时电价，并引入V2G的概念，建立了一种以日负荷曲线方差最小为目标的电动汽车调控策略模型，并使用粒子群算法对该模型进行优化求解，获得了一种以平抑负荷波动为目标的电动汽车调控策略。

最后，在电动汽车无序充电和有序充电两种场景下，在交直流配电网中对充电桩进行优化配置，使用GAMS软件编程求解，获得了两种场景下交直流配电网充电桩优化配置方案，实现了充电桩的选址定容。

关键词：电动汽车 调控策略 交直流配电网 充电桩

Research on Optimal Configuration of Charging Piles in AC-DC Distribution Network Based on Electric Vehicle Regulation Strategy

Abstract

As the requirements for protection of the environment and energy saving and emission reduction increase, electric vehicles gain good development prospects. However, as a random and fast-speed varying load, the large-scale access of electric vehicles to the grid will also have negative effects on the grid in terms of aggravating the peak-valley gap. In addition, the rapid development of electric vehicles also puts forward higher requirements for the rational configuration of charging piles. Finally, as a DC load, if the DC part is added to the existing AC distribution network, a large number of converters can be saved. Therefore, based on the control strategy of electric vehicles, this paper optimizes the configuration of charging piles in AC and DC distribution networks. The main research contents are as follows:

Firstly, this paper introduces the main factors that affect the charging behavior of electric vehicles, and uses Monte Carlo Method to establish an electric vehicle disorder charging model. On this basis, this paper analyzes the negative impact of the electric vehicle disorder charging load on the distribution network.

Secondly, this paper establishes a model of AC-DC hybrid distribution network, the Newton-Raphson method for calculating the power flow of DC distribution network is introduced, and the elements of the Jacobian matrix are derived. Also, the existing power flow calculation methods and steps of the AC-DC hybrid distribution network are introduced.

Thirdly, in view of the negative impact of the chaotic charging of electric vehicles, on the basis of the peak and valley time-of-use electricity prices, and the introduction of the concept of V2G, an ordered charging model of electric vehicles considering the regulation strategy is established. This model is optimized and solved with the use of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. After optimizing, an electric vehicle regulation strategy aimed at suppressing load fluctuations is obtained.

Finally, under the two scenarios of disordered charging and ordered charging of electric vehicles, this paper configures the charging piles in the AC-DC distribution network optimally , and with the use of GAMS software programming, it obtains optimized configuration scheme of charging pile in the two scenarios, and realizes the location and capacity of the charging pile.

Key words: Electric vehicle; Regulation strategy; AC-DC; Distribution network; Charging pile

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 电动汽车发展现状 2

1.2.2 电动汽车调控策略研究现状 3

1.2.3 充电设施规划研究现状 4

1.3 本文主要工作 5

第二章 电动汽车无序充电模型和交直流配电网模型 7

2.1 电动汽车无序充电模型 7

2.1.1 电动汽车充电行为的影响因素 7

2.1.2 电动汽车无序充电负荷模型 10

2.1.3 模型计算方法 10

2.1.4 电动汽车无序充电对电网的影响 12

2.2 交直流混合配电网模型 13

2.2.1 交直流混合配电网建模原理 13

2.2.2 电压源换流器潮流模型 14

2.2.3 直流配电网潮流计算方法 17

2.2.4 交直流配电网潮流计算方法 19

2.3 本章小结 19

第三章 基于分时电价的电动汽车调控策略 21

3.1 基于分时电价的电动汽车调控策略简介 21

3.1.1 需求响应 21

3.1.2 峰谷分时电价 21

3.2 基于分时电价的电动汽车调控模型 23

3.2.1 目标函数 23

3.2.2 约束条件 24

3.3 粒子群算法简介 24

3.4 算例分析 26

3.4.1 基本数据 26

3.4.2 优化结果及分析 27

3.5 本章小结 30

第四章 考虑电动汽车调控策略的交直流配电网充电桩优化配置 31

4.1 充电桩优化配置模型 31

4.1.1 目标函数 31

4.1.2 约束条件 32

4.2 算例分析 34

4.2.1 基本数据 34

4.2.2 交直流配电网充电桩配置优化结果 36

4.2.3 不同场景充电桩配置方案对比分析 36

4.3 本章小结 38

第五章 总结与展望 39

参考文献 40

致 谢 43

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