论文总字数：25911字

摘 要

电动汽车作为世界上新出现的负荷类型，接入电网后会给原电网带来许多问题，比如会使负荷的峰谷差值变得差距更大、配电网负荷有局部过载、线损值变大等。大量研究表明，有效的控制策略可以减少电动汽车充放电对电网的影响本文通过对比分析直流与交流两种模式指出当前电动汽车充放电多目标化控制策略依然存在不足，并且讨论了不同情况下引导的充电行为，电动汽车作为储能装置对电网的影响。

本文从V2G的特点以及电动汽车机组以及相关组合角度出发，结合现有研究理论，研究电动汽车充放电的高效管理以及智能控制优化政策。根据电动汽车的充放电的数量，机组的开停机状态，电力系统的供需平衡等需求，寻找最优解。本文建立了一个及考虑到电动汽车用户，有顾及到电网运营商的模型。运用里的优化器进行求解。以台机组一天小时的充放电情况，证明了该模型的可行性和有效性。

关键词：电动汽车充放电；调度控制策略；多目标优化；MIP

Abstract

As a new type of load in the world, electric vehicles will bring a lot of problems to the original power grid after being connected to the power grid. For example, the peak-valley difference of the load will become larger, the load of the distribution network will have local overload, and the line loss value will become larger. Numerous studies have shown that everybody in the world can use some capable control strategies to cut down the impression of electric vehicle charging and discharging on the grid. By comparing and analyzing the two modes of dc and ac, this paper points out that the current multi-target control strategy of EV charging and discharging is still insufficient, and discusses the charging behavior under different circumstances and the influence of EV as an energy storage device on the power grid.

This paper studies the control strategy of multi-objective optimal management of EV charge and discharge from the perspective of unit combination considering the characteristics of V2G. According to the charging and discharging quantity of the electric vehicle, the on-off state of the unit and the balance between supply and demand of the power system, the optimal solution is found. This paper establishes a model which takes into account electric vehicle users and grid operators. The MIP optimizer in GAMS was used to solve the problem. The model is proved to be feasible and effective by the charging and discharging of 12 units 24 hours a day.

Keywords：Charging and discharging of electric vehicles; Scheduling control strategy; Multi-objective optimization；Mixed integer programming

目录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅰ

目录 Ⅲ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2研究现状 1

1.2.1 电动汽车充放电对电力系统的影响 1

1.2.2 基于实时电价的多目标电动汽车控制策略 1

1.2.3 基于动态分时电价的电动汽车充电站有序充电控制策略 1

第二章 电动汽车接入电网技术 3

2.1引言 3

2.2电动汽车基本概念介绍 3

2.2.1 电动汽车的充电方式 3

2.2.2 电动汽车的分类 4

2.3 V2G技术综述 5

2.4电动汽车充放电对电力系统的影响分析 6

第三章 计及电动汽车的机组组合模型与求解方法 9

3.1引言 9

3.2计及电动汽车的机组组合模型 9

3.2.1 电动汽车充放电的行为建模 9

3.3 求解方法 10

3.3.1 GAMS的开发背景 10

3.3.2 GAMS的基本特征 11

3.3.3 GAMS求解器 11

第四章 计及电动汽车的机组组合模型的算例与结果分析 12

4.1 算例说明 13

4.2 直流与潮流对比结果分析 20

第五章 总结 30

5.1 本文的主要贡献 30

5.2 后续工作的展望 30

参考文献 32

附录 35

致谢 39

1. 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

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