论文总字数：28760字

摘 要

高速电机的转速通常可达每分钟几万转至几十万转，其凭借着较小的体积、较高的功率密度、可与负载直接连接等特点在飞轮储能、高速主轴系统、涡轮增压系统等方面有着良好的应用前景。近年来，高性能永磁体的研发使高速永磁同步电机（HPMSM）广泛的应用于生活与军事领域当中。但高速永磁同步电机的设计需要在电磁性能与机械强度之间进行折衷设计；因此，本文综合了电磁场、应力场对一台、20kW的高速永磁同步电机进行设计，并详细分析了电机的电磁性能与机械强度。主要研究内容如下：

首先介绍了高速永磁同步电机的结构与分类，分析了表贴式高速永磁同步电机主要参数的设计准则;通过计算确定了电机铁芯长度、定转子内径、定子槽形、永磁体尺寸等参数，并通过CAD软件画出电机定转子冲片图。

其次介绍了有限元分析（FEM）理论基础，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Maxwell对电机空载状态与负载状态进行瞬态磁场时步有限元分析，得到电机的磁密分布云图、空载电动势、负载转矩等电磁参数，并验证了电机设计的合理性。

最后对电机转子的机械强度进行有限元分析计算。高速电机额定运行转速较高，需要校验永磁体是否会受到损坏。因此在建立静力分析的物理模型基础上，对电机转子进行三维建模，并通过ANSYS workbench软件的静力分析模块对电机转子进行有限元分析。考虑转子在常温额定转速、高温额定转速、常温超速、高温超速四种状态下，对永磁体与转子铁芯的应力分布与形变量分布进行求解；结果表明电机转子所承受的应力与形变量均符合要求，同时对比发现：转速的增加使转子承受的最大应力值有较大的提升，但对形变量的影响较小；温度的升高使转子形变量有较大的增加，但对应力最大值的影响较小。

关键字：高速永磁同步电机 电磁设计 有限元分析 转子强度

Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for High Speed Direct Driving system

Abstract

The speed of high-speed motors can reach several thousands to hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute. With small size, high power density and direct connection to the load, it gains great prospects in many aspects such as: Flywheel energy storage system, High-speed spindle system and Turbocharging system and so on. The research and development of high-performance permanent magnets makes the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (HPMSM) widely used in the life and military fields. However, the design of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors requires a compromise between electromagnetic performance and mechanical strength. Therefore, this paper integrates electromagnetic field and stress field to design a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor and analyzes the electromagnetic performance and mechanical strength of the motor in detail. The main research contents are as follows:

Firstly, the structure and classification of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors are introduced, and the design criteria for the main parameters of surface-mounted high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors are analyzed. The length of the motor core, the stator and rotor diameter, the stator slot shape as well as the size of permanent magnets are calculated. Then the diagram of the motor is drawn by CAD software.

Secondly, the theoretical basis of Finite Element Method (FEM) is introduced. The finite element analysis software of ANSYS Maxwell is used to perform transient magnetic field time-step finite element analysis when motor running in the no-load state and the load state, and the magnetic density distribution cloud map, no-load electromotive force, and load torque are obtained. Above verifies the rationality of the motor design.

Finally, the mechanical strength of the rotor is analyzed by finite element analysis. The high-speed motor has a very high rated running speed, and it is necessary to verify whether the permanent magnet will be damaged. Therefore, based on the establishment of the three-dimensional model, the finite element analysis of the rotor is performed by the ANSYS workbench software. The stress distribution and the deformation distribution of the permanent magnet and the rotor core are solved under the four conditions : normal temperature and rated speed, high temperature and rated speed, normal temperature and overspeed, high temperature and overspeed. The results shows that the stress and the deformation of the rotor meets the requirements under the different conditions. At the same time, it is found that the maximum stress value of the rotor increases when rotation speed increases, but the influence on the deformation amount is small; the increase of the temperature increases the rotor deformation, but the influence on the maximum stress value is small.

Key Words: High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor; Rotor strength; Electromagnetic design; Finite element analysis

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

1.1课题的背景与意义 1

1.2课题的国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1高速电机的研究现状 2

1.2.2损耗分析研究现状 4

1.2.3高速电机的转子强度分析与研究现状 5

1.3课题主要研究内容 6

第二章 高速永磁同步电机的性能分析与优化设计 8

2.1高速永磁同步电机的基本理论 8

2.2高速永磁同步电机的性能分析 10

2.2.1高速永磁同步电机主要尺寸的选取 10

2.2.2高速永磁同步电机气隙的选择 12

2.2.3高速永磁同步电机绕组的选择 12

2.2.4高速永磁同步永磁体及其工作点的选择 13

2.2.5高速永磁同步电机极数的选择 13

2.3高速永磁同步电机的优化设计分析 14

2.3.1极弧系数与空载漏磁系数的优化分析 14

2.3.2功率因数与效率的优化分析 15

2.4本章小结 16

第三章 高速永磁同步电机的电磁设计 17

3.1高速永磁同步电机的设计标准 17

3.2高速永磁电机电磁设计方案 17

3.2.1电机基本尺寸设计方案 18

3.2.2定子部分设计方案 19

3.2.3转子部分设计方案 22

3.3电机主要参数与定转子冲片图 22

3.4本章小结 24

第四章 高速永磁同步电机的有限元仿真与特性分析 25

4.1 有限元分析理论基础 25

4.2 电磁场有限元分析 26

4.2.1电磁场有限元分析理论基础 26

4.2.2基于Maxwell有限元软件的电机空载电磁仿真 27

4.2.2电机负载特性仿真 32

4.3 转子机械强度有限元仿真 34

4.3.1转子强度有限元分析理论基础 34

4.3.2额定状态下转子强度有限元分析 35

4.3.3超速状态下转子强度有限元分析 39

4.4本章小结 42

第五章 结论 43

参考文献 45

致 谢 48

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