论文总字数：41478字

摘 要

目前我国发电的主力机型为超临界火电机组，研究超临界机组过热汽温控制系统具有重要意义。超临界过热汽温系统特点是非线性、大滞后、大惯性，这使得以常规PID控制器设计的过热汽温控制品质较差，导致实际运行过程中出现温度大幅波动、频繁超温等问题。设计一种高品质的汽温调节控制系统成为目前发电企业的急切需求。过热汽温作为火电厂主要运行参数之一，对机组安全、经济运行具有重要影响，控制系统则成为过热汽温调节品质好坏的关键所在。为了进行过热汽温控制系统的设计研究，首先结合现场试验与模型辨识建立了超临界机组过热汽温系统仿真模型。通过现场实际数据与模型输出数据的对比分析，表明所建立模型精度较好。采用递进方式对过热汽温进行先进控制系统设计，对设计的三种控制方案以及传统串级控制策略进行比较，证明设计算法的有效性。针对设计的最优过热汽温控制方案-带自适应权重因子的混合模糊过热汽温控制存在整定参数多的问题，将粒子群算法与萤火虫算法组合，形成了一种全局优化能力强收敛速度快的混合粒子群算法，通过基准测试函数证明优化算法的有效性，然后将混合优化算法用于控制器的参数优化，避免人为整定的主观性与盲目性。

关键词：超临界机组；过热汽温控制系统；模型辨识；混合模糊控制；混合粒子群算法

Research on Steam Temperature Control System of Thermal Power Unit

abstract

At present, the main type of power generation in China is supercritical thermal power unit. It is of great significance to study the superheated steam temperature control system of supercritical unit. The characteristics of supercritical superheated steam temperature system are nonlinear, large lag and large inertia, which makes the quality of superheated steam temperature control designed by conventional PID controller poor, resulting in large temperature fluctuation and frequent over temperature problems in the actual operation process. To design a high quality steam temperature control system has become an urgent need of power generation enterprises. As one of the main operation parameters of the thermal power plant, the superheated steam temperature has an important impact on the safety and economic operation of the unit, and the control system has become the key to the quality of the superheated steam temperature regulation. In order to design and study the superheated steam temperature control system, a simulation model of the superheated steam temperature system of supercritical unit is established based on the field test and model identification. Through the comparative analysis of the field data and the model output data, it shows that the accuracy of the model is better. The advanced control system of superheated steam temperature is designed by progressive method. The three control schemes and the traditional cascade control strategy are compared to prove the effectiveness of the design algorithm. In view of the problem that there are many tuning parameters in the design of the optimal superheated steam temperature control scheme - hybrid fuzzy superheated steam temperature control with self-adaptive weight factor, a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm with strong global optimization ability and fast convergence speed is formed by combining particle swarm optimization algorithm and firefly algorithm. The effectiveness of the optimization algorithm is proved by benchmark function, and then the hybrid optimization algorithm is applied to The parameter optimization of the controller can avoid the subjectivity and blindness of the artificial setting.

Keywords: Supercritical unit; superheated steam temperature control system; model identification; hybrid fuzzy control; hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

目录

摘要 I

abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景及意义 1

1.2汽温控制系统研究现状 2

1.2.1常规PID改进 2

1.2.2预测控制 2

1.2.3模糊控制 3

1.2.4神经网络控制 4

1.2.5自抗扰控制 5

１.３本文的主要研究内容 5

第二章　过热汽温控制系统的建模 7

2.1 基于辅助变量最小二乘法的系统辨识 7

2.1.1信息压缩矩阵的构成 7

2.1.2信息压缩矩阵的递推分解 12

2.2 600MW超临界机组过热器喷水减温对象建模 14

2.4过热器喷水减温模型验证 19

2.5本章小结 21

第三章 过热汽温模糊PID混合控制器设计 22

3.1 串级改进型Smith预估组合汽温控制方法 22

3.1.1串级过热汽温控制方案 22

3.1.2串级改进型Smith预估组合控制 24

3.2模糊PID混合汽温控制系统 29

3.2.1模糊控制器理论 29

3.2.2基本模糊控制器的设计 30

3.2.3基于混合切换模糊控制器的设计与仿真研究 34

3.2.4带自适应权重因子的混合模糊控制系统的设计与仿真研究 40

3.3本章小结 45

第四章 混合粒子群算法优化控制器参数 46

4.1混合粒子群算法 47

4.1.1粒子群算法 47

4.1.2萤火虫算法 49

4.1.3混合粒子群算法 50

4.2基准测试函数比较及结果分析 52

4.3控制器参数优化及结果分析 55

4.4本章小结 59

第五章 总结 60

参考文献 62

致谢 65

第一章 绪论

1.1课题背景及意义

电能的利用是第二次工业革命的主要标志，从此人类社会进入电气化时代。电力产业发展到今天，我们仍然对其有着持续增长的需求。我国2010年-2017年电力生产总量及其构成如图1-1所示，由图表可知，火力发电在过去长期占据我国发电产业的主体地位，在可预见的未来，这一状况不会有太大改变，因此提高火力发电技术具有重要意义。

图1-1 2010年-2017年电力生产总量及其构成

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