论文总字数：26371字

摘 要

在电力电子技术飞速发展的背景下，交流调速系统地位大大提高，同时也产生了一代又一代的变频调速控制方法。各种方法都有其自身特性带来的特点 ，因此也有着自身优势的应用领域，其中基于恒压频比控制（V/F）的变频调速系统在节能型的风机水泵等领域受到了广泛应用，其低速性能的问题仍然是值得研究的课题。

为了针对恒压频比控制的低速性能做出改善，本文基于定子电压矢量定向的电流解耦进行了定子磁连补偿、滑差频率补偿、逆变器非线性特性补偿。

定子磁连补偿是利用压频比恒定的特点，用将定子电流解耦得到的有功电流分量和无功电流分量通过计算得到电压代替反电势，与给定值进行比较得到补偿量，出于对波形平滑的考虑计算前后各需要进行一阶低通滤波，将求得的补偿量通过空间矢量脉宽调制补偿到电机。

滑差频率补偿同样基于定子电压矢量定向的电流解耦，通过非对称的T型等效电路进行推导，得出其滑差频率，将电流解耦的有功和无功电流代替转矩电流和励磁电流，直接补偿到给定值。该计算没有复杂的矢量计算，便于实现，将补偿量加上一个限幅器减小较大的误差且同样能够有良好的表现。

逆变器非线性特性补偿是基于空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）的补偿，在平均电压补偿法的基础上，利用伏秒补偿原理和切换区间的方法，再结合前面估算的反电势进行空间矢量脉宽调制。

最后将该方案在Simulink中进行仿真实验，通过对比感应电机的低速性能有了明显的提高，控制系统有着良好的稳定性，同时也具有不错的快速性。

关键词：恒压频比控制；低速性能；定子电压矢量定向；定子磁连补偿；滑差补偿；逆变器非线性特性补偿

Study on improvement of low speed performance of open loop control of induction motor

Abstract

Due to the rapid development of power electronics technology, the state of the AC cruise control system has been greatly improved, and at the same time, the generation of cruise control as a cruise control method. frequency controlled is in progress. It has been generated. Various methods have their characteristics, among which variable frequency speed control system based on constant voltage-frequency ratio control (V/F) widely used in energy-saving fans and water pumps.. Application, its slow performance issue remains a challenge to be studied.In order to improve the low-speed performance of constant voltage-frequency ratio control, this paper performs stator flux compensation, slip frequency compensation, and inverter nonlinear characteristic compensation based on stator voltage vector-oriented current decoupling.

Stator flux compensation uses the characteristic of constant voltage-frequency ratio. The active current component and reactive current component obtained by decoupling the stator current are used to calculate the voltage instead of the back EMF, and the compensation value is compared with the given value to obtain the compensation amount. Waveform smoothing considerations Before and after calculation, first-order low-pass filtering is required, and the obtained compensation amount is compensated to the motor through space vector pulse width modulation.

Slip frequency compensation is also based on stator voltage vector-oriented current decoupling, a slip calculation formula is derived through an asymmetric T-shaped equivalent circuit, and current decoupling active and reactive currents replace torque and excitation currents. Directly compensate to the given value. There is no complicated vector calculation in this calculation, which is easy to realize. Adding a compensation amount to a limiter reduces large errors and can also perform well.

The nonlinear characteristic compensation of the inverter is based on the compensation of the spatial vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Based on the medium voltage compensation method, the principle of volt-second compensation and the switching interval method are used in combination with the previously estimated rear EMF of vector pulse width modulation spatial.

Finally, the program was simulated in Simulink. By comparing the low-speed performance of the induction motor, it has been significantly improved. The control system has good stability and good speed.

Keywords：Constant voltage frequency ratio control; low speed performance; stator voltage vector orientation; stator flux compensation; slip compensation; inverter nonlinear characteristic compensation

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1感应电机开环控制低速性能改进的研究背景 1

1.2感应电机开环控制低速性能改进的研究意义 4

1.3感应电机开环控制低速性能改进的国内外研究现状 5

1.3.1定子磁链补偿控制 5

1.3.2滑差频率补偿 6

1.3.3逆变器非线性特性补偿 7

1.4本课题研究的主要内容 8

第二章 定子磁链的控制补偿技术 9

2.1感应电机的数学模型 9

2.2恒压频比控制方式的原理 11

2.3定子磁连的控制补偿 14

第三章 电机滑差频率补偿 19

3.1滑差频率补偿的目的 19

3.2滑差频率补偿 20

第四章 逆变器非线性特性补偿 24

4.1逆变器的死区效应 24

4.2 SVPWM的调制原理 26

4.3伏秒补偿原理 31

4.4 电流极性分析 32

4.5逆变器非线性特性补偿 33

第五章 仿真及结果分析 35

5.1仿真模型展示 35

5.2仿真结果及分析 36

第六章 小结 39

参考文献 41

致谢 44

第一章 绪 论

1.1感应电机开环控制低速性能改进的研究背景

当今的工业技术发展迅速，涌现出了一代又一代的自动化设备，我们的生活越发向电气化、智能化的方向融合发展。作为这些设备的核心，电机其控制性能的好坏直接影响到整体性能和市场。

自20世纪50年代以来，随着工业自动化的进程发展，交流调速的地位得到了提高并不断发展完善。

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