论文总字数：17823字

摘 要

运动目标检测与跟踪技术一直是图像处理和计算机视觉领域的重要研究方向，广泛应用在工业、农业、环境监测和国防等各个领域。目标的检测、跟踪就是属于运动目标图像检测技术的一个具体应用。随着数字图和计算机像处理技术的飞速发展，运动目标检测技术的研究受到越来越多研究工作者的关注，与其相关的技术理论也日新月异。其研究成果已涉及到多个领域，具有潜在的经济价值和广泛的应用前景。因此，对运动目标检测技术的研究具有十分重要的意义。

本文研究和分析了近年来国内外图像检测跟踪的相关技术，并且以此为基础进行了目标的检测与跟踪算法的运用，还进行了一系列检测与跟踪的实验编程，分别实现了不同算法下的目标检测与跟踪。

本文提出的目标的检测与跟踪算法主要是由图像预处理、背景差分、三重三帧时间差分、目标检测、目标定位跟踪等部分构成。首先将获得的原始视频帧图像进行预处理，包括：图像的灰度化、二值化等。然后由背景差分法得到一幅图像的轮廓图像，再对三重三帧法提取的目标轮廓进行合并，得到另一幅目标轮廓图像。然后将得到的两幅图像进行运算得到完整的目标图像。最后通过定位跟踪程序，实现对目标的实时定位跟踪。

实验结果表明该检测跟踪算法能够对不同背景下的目标实现精确的检测跟踪，能达到预期的效果。

关键词：图像检测 背景差分 三重三帧时间差分 定位跟踪

On detection technology of aircraft in image sequence

ABSTRACT

Moving target detection and tracking technology has been the Important direction in image processing and computer vision research field.It widely used in industry, agriculture, environmental monitoring and other fields of national defense.Target detection and tracking is a specific application of image detection technology. With the rapid development of computer and digital image processing technology, the research of moving target detection technology by the attention of more and more researchers. With the theory of related technology is also changing. Its research results have been related to military, political and economic and other departments closely related to social life, and have potential economic value and wide application prospect.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the detection technology of moving target.

In this paper, the relevance of image detection and tracking technology at home and abroad in recent years have been analysed. On this basis, this paper design a algorithm for aircraft detection and tracking, and carried out a series of detection and tracking experiment. Were achieved target detection and tracking under different scenarios.

In this paper, the algorithm of detection and tracking mainly make up by the image pre-processing, background difference, three time triple differential, target detection, target tracking. First of all, the original video frame image of target will be received pre-processing, include: the gray-scale images, image contrast processing, image gray balance, image filter. We acquire two outlines of image by background difference and by three time triple differential. And then we join the outline of image by three time triple differential to the outline of image by background difference. Finally, we achieve real-time location and tracking of target by location and tracking procedures.

The experimental results show that the tracking algorithm can achieve accurate detection and tracking of target under different background.

Key Words: Image detection; Background difference; Three time triple differential; Location and tracking

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题的背景与研究意义 1

1.2目标检测与跟踪研究历史和国内外研究现状 2

1．3目标跟踪方法综述 2

1.3.1基于差分的跟踪方法 3

1.3.2基于相关的跟踪方法 3

1.3.3基于特征的跟踪方法 3

1.3.4基于模型的跟踪方法 3

1.4本课题的主要工作内容及预期目标 4

1.4.1本课题主要研究内容 4

1.4.2本课题预期达到的目标 4

第二章 图像预处理 5

2.1 JPG图像的灰度化 5

2.2 图像二值化处理 6

2.2.1 二值化的简介 6

2.2.2 二值化的基本原理 6

2.2.3 效果图 7

第三章 目标的检测 8

3.1时间差分法 8

3.1.1二帧差绝对值法^[16] 8

3.1.2三重三帧时间差分法 11

3.2 背景差法 13

3.2.1背景差法的计算 13

3.2.2背景的提取 13

3.2.3背景差法检测结果 15

3.2.4背景差法小结 16

3.3 算法运行时的问题...............................................................................................................................16

第四章 目标的定位与跟踪 18

第五章 结论与展望 19

致谢 20

参考文献 21

附录 22

第一章 绪论

1.1课题的背景与研究意义

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