论文总字数：22218字

摘 要

随着我国工业化规模的不断扩大和高新技术的大力发展，国民经济各行业对电能的需求迅速增加，电气化程度越来越高，新的工艺新的电力技术成果已渗透到工业生产和人民生活的方方面面，越来越多的用户相继使用了性能好，电能效率高敏感度高的先进设备，电力用户对电能的质量又有了更高的要求。与此同时，很多新式的电气化设备在其使用中会向电力系统中注入种种电磁波干扰，对电力系统的稳定运行和用电设备的非正常工作造成的危害与风险大大增加，电能质量引发电力提供部门和电力用户的广泛关注。电压暂降是电能质量问题的一个重要方面。近年来，随着现代化科学技术的发展，越来越多的工业生产过程和流水线依靠对电能质量十分敏感的SOC芯片作为核心的设备，即便是几个周期的周期性短时间中断或电压暂降都将影响这些设备正常工作。

电压暂降对用电安全可靠性有重大影响，有效地监测与分析是治理其影响的必不可少的，具有实际工程价值。本课题在对电压暂降进行学习、研究的基础上，利用数据采集器USB2812构建电压暂降监测与分析系统。

本课题首先介绍了电能质量，电压暂降及其相关的三大特征量含义，对短时间电压中断和电压暂降进行了区别和相似性讨论。论述了引起电压暂降的主要原因：感应电机全电压启动，雷击，开关操作，变压器以及电容器组的投切，其中最有可能引起电压暂降故障的是雷击造成的短路故障和感应电动机的启动。并着重分析了电压暂降的三大特征量与其关系，之后通过分析特征量的监测方法来制定其检测算法。其中对有效值算法，缺损电压法，瞬时电压dq分解法，单相坐标变换法和小波分析法这几种常用的方法进行详细的分析研究。

最后在对USB2812采集卡进行详细了解的基础上，通过Visual Studio 2010对采集卡软件进行编程检测。先用USB数据采集卡采集到电压暂降的实时波形数据，然后用C 程序读取数据，用有效值算法计算出电压暂降有效值，并绘出曲线图，实现对电压暂降对的检测。

关键词： 电压暂降；监测方法；USB2812；程序设计

Abstract

With the expansion of industry and the development of science and technology, Increasing the amount of national economic sectors, Electrification degree is higher and higher, New techniques and new methods are widely used in industrial production and people"s all aspects of life, More and more people use the good performance, high efficiency but is sensitive to power characteristic changes of high-tech equipment, Power user is improving requirement for power quality better and better. At the same time, Many of the new electrical equipment to the power system in its running into all kinds of electromagnetic interference, For the safe operation of power system and electric equipment to work normally, increasing the damage and influence power quality caused by power supply departments and paid attention to by the majority of power users. Voltage sag is an important aspect of power quality problem. In recent years, with the development of modern science and technology, More and more industrial production process and production line depends on is sensitive to power quality microprocessor chip as the core device, even if a few cycle of cycle power outage or voltage sag will influence the equipment normal work.

Voltage sag has a significant effect on electricity safety and reliability, effectively monitoring and analysis of the influence of governance is the essential and practical engineering value. These projects access the study and research of voltage sag, Using data collector USB2812 to monitor the voltage sag and analyzing system.

At first, this paper introduces the power quality, voltage sag and its related meaning, of the characteristics of voltage interruption for a short time and voltage sag to discuss the difference and similarity. The main causes of voltage sag are discussed: induction motor full voltage start, lightning, switch operation, transformer and capacitor cut and run. Among them the most likely cause of voltage sag failure is caused by lightning fault and induction motor start. And emphatically analyzes the amount of the three important features of voltage sag and their relationship, then through the analysis of the monitoring method of characteristics to formulate its detection algorithm. Which the RMS algorithm, defect voltage method, the transient voltage dq decomposition method, the single phase coordinate transform method and wavelet analysis this study on detailed analysis of several commonly used methods.

Finally​ ​i​n the USB2812 acquisition card, on the basis of a detailed understanding. Through​​ ​t​h​e Vis​u​​a​​​​l ​​S​​​t​u​​​​di​o 2010 for detecting acquisition card software programming. With USB data acquisition card first collected real-time waveform data of voltage sag, then read the data in c program, With RMS algorithm to calculate the voltage sag RMS, and will be in the graph, implementation of voltage sag detection.

Key words: Voltage s​a​g; Monitor​i​n​g algorithm; Fault analysis; Software design

目录

摘要 II

Abstract III

目录 V

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 概述 1

1.2电压暂降的定义、起因、危害 2

1.3 本论文的主要工作 3

第二章 电压暂降检测方法研究 4

2.1电压暂降的特征量 4

2.1.1电压暂降与中断的起因 4

2.1.2 短时间电压中断的监测和随机预估 5

2.1 电压暂降的检测方法 5

2.2.1 有效值算法 5

2.2.2 缺损电压法 6

2.2.3 瞬时电压dq分解法 7

2.2.4 单相坐标变换检测方法 9

2.2.5小波变换法 10

2.3 引起的电压暂降的简要分析 11

2.4 本章小结 12

第三章 电压暂降检测软件的设计 13

3.1 USB2812数据采集卡简介 13

3.2 USB2812软件设计 14

3.3 本章小结 19

第四章 结束语 20

4.1 结论 20

4.2 改进与期望 20

致谢 21

参考文献 22

第一章 绪论

1.1 概述

在当代社会电能是必不可少的一种能源，而且是一种实用经济，方便无污染，容易控制且可以变成各种形式；它由电网公司向电力消费用户统一分配供应，并经过供、求方同时共同保证质量的特殊产品。电能总的来说是一般工业产品 ， 它可以对产品的质量指标进行划分、检查和估计，同时能确定相应的质量标准和实施必要的质量控制，但由于其产品的形式单一，更因为它独具特色的生产、输送和消耗的过程，因此在电能质量问题的起因分析和对劣质电能的影响评价等方面与其它工业产品的质量问题又有所不同[^[1]]。

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