摘 要

尾轴承作为船舶尾轴系统中最重要的一部分，它支承着尾轴和螺旋桨轴，是实现内外动力交换的关键环节，同时也在船舶推进系统中发挥重要作用。尾轴承在工作运转时工作环境及条件非常苛刻，润滑状态较差，容易产生严重的摩擦、磨损。橡胶作为目前广泛使用的尾轴承材料，但天然橡胶材料的性质又限制了其实用性。目前材料科学的研究表明，在橡胶中添加合适的固体润滑剂来改性橡胶轴承材料，可以大幅提升橡胶的性能。因此，对船舶水润滑复合橡胶尾轴承材料的研究具有重要的理论价值和工程实践指导意义。

本文以水润滑纳米石墨复合橡胶尾轴承材料试销为研究对象，通过水润滑橡胶尾轴承台架的摩擦学试验，分析水润滑纳米石墨复合橡胶尾轴承的摩擦学性能和磨损特性。论文的主要工作和研究结论如下：

1.简要介绍了摩擦学的基本知识，了解润滑的型式并分析了水润滑的优势与不足。同时对水润滑尾轴承的润滑机理进行了研究，从而能够认识到轴承在工作时的环境及条件。

2.研究了水润滑尾轴承材料的选用和制备，介绍了尾轴承材料的使用现状及存在的问题。了解水润滑复合轴承的加工实验方法，探讨了纳米石墨的制取和与橡胶复合的原理及应用，并分析了其主要性能。

3.学习水润滑轴承试验台架的工作原理，掌握试验台架的正确操作方法。并在水润滑轴承试验台架上对纳米石墨复合橡胶试销材料进行摩擦磨损试验。分析不同纳米石墨比例条件下，水润滑复合橡胶尾轴承摩擦学性能变化的规律及原因。

关键词：水润滑轴承、橡胶尾轴承、纳米石墨、摩擦磨损性能

Abstract

Stern tube bearing is the most important part of the ship stern shaft system. It supports the stern shaft and propeller shaft, which is the key link to realize the internal and external power exchange, and also plays an important role in the ship propulsion system. Stern tube bearing work in the work environment and conditions are very harsh, poor lubrication state, prone to serious friction, wear. Rubber as the current widely used stern tube bearing material, but the nature of natural rubber material also limits its practicality. The current material science research shows that the rubber in the appropriate solid lubricant to modify the rubber bearing material, can greatly enhance the performance of rubber. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study the marine water-lubricated composite rubber stern tube bearing material.

In this paper, water-lubricated nano-graphite composite rubber stern tube bearing material as the research objects, the tribological properties and wear characteristics were analyzed by tribological bench test. The main work of the paper and the conclusions are as follows:

1. This paper briefly introduces the basic knowledge of tribology, understands the lubrication type and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of water lubrication. At the same time, the lubrication mechanism of the water-lubricated stern tube bearing is studied, so that the environment and condition of the bearing can be recognized at work.

2. The selection and preparation of the water-lubricated stern tube bearing material are studied, and the present situation and existing problems of the stern tube bearing material are introduced. This paper discusses the processing experiment method of water-lubricated composite bearing, discusses the preparation and application of nano-graphite and the principle and application of rubber compound, and analyzes its main performance.

3. Learn the working principle of water-lubricated bearing test bench, master the correct operation method of bench. And the friction and wear test of the nano-graphite composite rubber material was carried out on the water-lubricated bearing bench. The tribological properties of water-lubricated composite rubber stern tube bearing under different nano-graphite ratios were analyzed and the reasons were analyzed.

Key words：water-lubricated bearing; rubber stern tube bearing; nano-graphite; friction and wear properties

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1论文摩擦学预备知识 1

1.2论文背景及研究目的和意义 4

1.3水润滑轴承研究现状 5

1.3.1水润滑轴承材料的应用研究 5

1.3.2 水润滑尾轴承摩擦性能研究 7

1.3.3 水润滑尾轴承润滑机理研究 8

1.3.4 目前存在的不足 9

1.4 研究的内容、关键技术问题 9

1.4.1 主要研究内容 9

1.4.2 关键技术问题 9

1.4.3 技术路线 9

第2章 水润滑复合橡胶尾轴承材料的制备及性能 10

2.1 概述 10

2.2 纳米石墨橡胶复合材料的制备 10

2.2.1 复合原理 10

2.2.2 材料组成及制备 10

2.2.2.1 石墨性能及纳米化 11

2.2.2.2 纳米石墨复合橡胶共混制备 12

2.3 纳米石墨橡胶复合材料的性能分析 12

2.3.1 硫化特性 12

2.3.2 力学性能 12

2.3.3 动态力学性能 13

2.3.4 其他功能特性 13

2.4 本章小结 13

第3章 水润滑复合橡胶轴承摩擦学试验研究 15

3.1 概述 15

3.2 实验对象 15

3.3 实验装置与方法 15

3.3.1 水润滑尾轴承试验台架 15

3.3.2 实验目的 16

3.3.3 实验内容及步骤 16

3.4 实验结果和讨论 17

3.4.1 摩擦试验结果与分析 17

3.4.2 磨损试验结果与分析 18

3.5本章小结 19

第4章 结论与展望 20

4.1 结论 20

4.2 展望 20

致谢 22

参考文献 23

第1章 绪论